Input the correct modal verb
Each modal verb is to be used once

have to should can’t
could needn’t must

1. It be Carlos. I’m sure it is his Porsche.
2. You listen to your mother, she is a professional in this area.
3. you be so kind to open the front door for me?
4. Glen doesn’t wake up early as it is his day off.
5. The flowers are nice but you have bought them.
6. Why you speak English if your father is an Englishman?​
Underline the best option

1. You aren’t able/mustn’t park your car under this sign.
2. You can/should dance with me if you want.
3. You needn’t/could have bought me flowers, I’m just glad to see you.
4. What might/shall they do to assemble the device within an hour?
5. You had to/should have tried better to achieve the best result possible.
6. You can’t/needn’t do this trick if you don’t have the necessary skill level.
7. He might/shall have met his friends at the pub; otherwise I don’t know why he is late.
8. Shall/Need I help you with your test? – Yes, please, some tasks are extremely difficult.
9. The worker may/might have been hurt during the accident on the construction site.
10. You don’t ought to/don’t have to listen to him if you think he is wrong for sure.
Define the function
Circle the function the modal verb stands for

1. I have to tell you that your car has been stolen.
a)possibility; b)unnecessary action; c)inevitable obligation
2. Shall I make some for your guests as well?
a)advice; b)criticism; c)offer; d)asking permission
3. You needn’t have taken those books, the library doesn’t work today as it is a sanitary day.
a)criticism; b)fulfilled unnecessary action; c)advice; d)offer
4. Mark should talk to his brother to calm him down.
a)offer; b)advice; c)prohibition; d)necessity
5. What shall we do next to assemble this equipment?
a)asking for instructions; b)offer; c)necessity; d)advice
6. It must be my mum; she always calls me about this time.
a)obligation; b)prohibition; c)logical assumption; d)criticism
7. You mustn’t cross the school rules not to be eliminated.
a)prohibition; b)advice; c)logical assumption; d)criticism
8. May I open the window, please? It’s too hot in here.
a)ability; b)criticism; c)possibility; d)asking permission
9. Larry is too late. He could be lost somewhere in the park.
a)asking permission; b)possibility; c)advice; d)offer
10. You can’t have this game, you behaved badly all the week.
a)advice; b)lack of necessity; c)refusing permission; d)offer
11. You ought to have tried better to win the championship!
a)criticism; b)inevitable obligation; c)advice; d)possibility

Exclude the wrong one
Cross out the modal that can’t be used

1. His car can be seen. He be at work.
a)could; b)may; c)should; d)might
2. I help you with your suitcase?
a)could; b)can; c)need; d)shall
3. we go to the theatre tonight?
a)must; b)can; c)could; d)shall
4. Justin to get ready for his exam tomorrow morning as he did it today.
a)needn’t; b)shouldn’t; c)doesn’t need; d)doesn’t have
5. You put your things on the railing, it is against the mall rules.
a)mustn’t; b)can’t; c)needn’t;
6. Larry have been expelled last week because of his failed exams.
a)could; b)must; c)might

1. It could be Carlos. I’m sure it is his Porsche.
Explanation: The modal verb "could" expresses possibility in this sentence. There is a possibility that the person driving the Porsche is Carlos.

2. You should listen to your mother, she is a professional in this area.
Explanation: The modal verb "should" is used to give advice or express a recommendation in this sentence. It is recommended to listen to your mother because she is a professional in the area.

3. Can you be so kind to open the front door for me?
Explanation: The modal verb "can" is used to ask for permission or to make a request in this sentence. It is asking if the person can kindly open the front door.

4. Glen doesn’t have to wake up early as it is his day off.
Explanation: The modal verb "doesn't have to" is used to express the absence of obligation in this sentence. Glen is not obligated to wake up early because it is his day off.

5. The flowers are nice but you didn't have to buy them.
Explanation: The modal verb "didn't have to" is used to express that something was not necessary in the past. The person is saying that the flowers were nice, but it was not necessary for the person to buy them.

6. Why can't you speak English if your father is an Englishman?
Explanation: The modal verb "can't" is used to express prohibition or the impossibility of something in this sentence. It is expressing surprise or disbelief that the person cannot speak English if their father is an Englishman.

Underlined the best option:

1. You mustn't park your car under this sign.
Explanation: The correct option is "mustn't" because it is expressing prohibition. Parking the car under the sign is not allowed.

2. You can dance with me if you want.
Explanation: The correct option is "can" because it is expressing ability or permission. The person is saying that the other person has the ability or permission to dance with them if they want to.

3. You needn't have bought me flowers, I'm just glad to see you.
Explanation: The correct option is "needn't" because it is expressing that something was not necessary in the past. The person is saying that it was not necessary for the other person to buy flowers because they are just glad to see them.

4. What shall they do to assemble the device within an hour?
Explanation: The correct option is "shall" because it is expressing a suggestion or asking for instructions. The person is asking what they should do in order to assemble the device within an hour.

5. You should have tried better to achieve the best result possible.
Explanation: The correct option is "should have" because it is expressing criticism or regret about a past action. The person is saying that the other person should have tried harder in order to achieve the best result possible.

6. You needn't do this trick if you don't have the necessary skill level.
Explanation: The correct option is "needn't" because it is expressing that something is not necessary. The person is saying that the other person does not need to do the trick if they do not have the necessary skill level.

7. He might have met his friends at the pub; otherwise I don't know why he is late.
Explanation: The correct option is "might" because it is expressing a possibility. The person is saying that it is possible that he met his friends at the pub, otherwise they do not know why he is late.

8. Shall I help you with your test? - Yes, please, some tasks are extremely difficult.
Explanation: The correct option is "Shall" because it is asking for permission or making an offer. The person is asking if they can help with the test and the response is accepting the offer.

9. The worker may have been hurt during the accident on the construction site.
Explanation: The correct option is "may" because it is expressing a possibility. The person is saying that it is possible that the worker was hurt during the accident on the construction site.

10. You don't have to listen to him if you think he is wrong for sure.
Explanation: The correct option is "don't have to" because it is expressing the absence of obligation. The person is saying that the other person is not obligated to listen to him if they think he is definitely wrong.

Define the function:

1. I have to tell you that your car has been stolen.
The function of the modal verb "have to" is c) inevitable obligation. The person has an obligation to tell the other person that their car has been stolen.

2. Shall I make some for your guests as well?
The function of the modal verb "shall" is d) asking permission. The person is asking for permission to make something for the guests.

3. You needn't have taken those books, the library doesn't work today as it is a sanitary day.
The function of the modal verb "needn't" is b) fulfilled unnecessary action. The person is saying that it was not necessary to take those books because the library is closed.

4. Mark should talk to his brother to calm him down.
The function of the modal verb "should" is b) advice. The person is advising Mark to talk to his brother in order to calm him down.

5. What shall we do next to assemble this equipment?
The function of the modal verb "shall" is a) asking for instructions. The person is asking what they should do next in order to assemble the equipment.

6. It must be my mum; she always calls me about this time.
The function of the modal verb "must" is c) logical assumption. The person is making a logical assumption that the person calling is their mother because she always calls around this time.

7. You mustn't cross the school rules not to be eliminated.
The function of the modal verb "mustn't" is a) prohibition. The person is saying that the rule is not to be crossed in order to avoid being eliminated.

8. May I open the window, please? It's too hot in here.
The function of the modal verb "may" is d) asking permission. The person is asking for permission to open the window because it is too hot.

9. Larry is too late. He could be lost somewhere in the park.
The function of the modal verb "could" is b) possibility. The person is saying that it is possible that Larry is lost somewhere in the park because he is late.

10. You can't have this game, you behaved badly all week.
The function of the modal verb "can't" is c) refusing permission. The person is refusing permission for the other person to have the game because they behaved badly all week.

11. You ought to have tried better to win the championship!
The function of the modal verb "ought to" is c) advice. The person is giving advice that the other person should have tried harder to win the championship.

Exclude the wrong one:

1. His car can be seen. He can be at work.
The wrong modal verb is "can" because it is not suitable in this sentence. The correct modal verb should be "might" to express possibility.

2. Can I help you with your suitcase?
The wrong modal verb is "can" because it is not suitable in this sentence. The correct modal verb should be "shall" to express offering or asking for permission.

3. Shall we go to the theatre tonight?
The wrong modal verb is "shalt" because it is not suitable in this sentence. The correct modal verb should be "can" to express possibility.

4. Justin doesn't need to get ready for his exam tomorrow morning as he did it today.
The wrong modal verb is "doesn't need" because it is not suitable in this sentence. The correct modal verb should be "needn't" to express that something is not necessary.

5. You mustn't put your things on the railing, it is against the mall rules.
The wrong modal verb is "needn't" because it is not suitable in this sentence. The correct modal verb should be "mustn't" to express prohibition.

6. Larry could have been expelled last week because of his failed exams.
The wrong modal verb is "could" because it is not suitable in this sentence. The correct modal verb should be "must" to express a logical assumption.