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Some Facts about the UK
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland with an area of 224,000 square miles is situated in the British Isles, which are separated from the European continent by the North Sea, the Straits of Dover and the English Channel. It consists of four parts – England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. The population of the UK is over 62 million. Four out of five people live in towns. The largest cities in the country are London, Birmingham, Liverpool, Manchester, Glasgow and Edinburgh. Nevertheless, agriculture is also well-developed, especially sheep-breeding in Scotland.
The territory of the country is small but it has a wide variety of landscape and scenery. There are moors, rivers, lakes, mountains, hills, and plains there.
Politically the UK is a monarchy: the head of state is the King or Queen. In practice the Sovereign reigns, but does not rule: Great Britain is governed by the Government. The present Sovereign is Queen Elizabeth II. The real ruler of the country is the Prime Minister representing the party in power.
The heart of the UK is England. It is the richest, the most fertile and most populated in the country. The north and the west of England are mountainous, but the remainder of the territory is a vast plain. In Northwest England there are many beautiful lakes with green, wooded or grassy shores and grey mountains all around.
The smallest country is Wales. The largest part of Wales is covered with rocky mountains, which are difficult to climb. Most people in Wales live in the coastal plains.
Scotland is a land of mountains, wild moorlands, narrow valleys and plains, famous lakes, known as lochs and no end of large and small islands. The Highlands of Scotland are among the oldest mountains in the world. One third of the people in Scotland live in or near its capital, Edinburgh, and its great industrial centre, Glasgow.
Northern Ireland became a part of the United Kingdom in 1920. The land is mountainous and has few natural resources. Farming, machinery and equipment manufacturing, food processing, textile and electronics manufacturing are the leading industries. Belfast is the capital and the largest city.
The capital of the UK, London, stands on the Thames. The Thames is the busiest and the most important river in the UK, but it is not very long.

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