Answer the questions: 1. Each generation of computers has resulted from an advance in component technology, hasn't it? 2. ES series computers are used not only in the socialist world, but in the developing and industrialized capitalist countries, aren't they? 3. A major advance in the development of computer technology was the creation of microprocessors and microcomputers, wasn't it?

FROM THE HISTORY OF COMPUTERS

The first generation of computers, which used vacuum tubes, came out in 1950. These computers could perform thousands of calculations per second. About I960, the second generation of computers was developed and these could perform work ten times faster than their predecessors. The reason for this extra speed was the use of transistors instead of vacuum tubes. Second-generation computers were smaller, faster. One of the best of these second-generation computers is the Soviet BECM-6 (big electronic counting machine). The third-generation computers began to appear in 1965. These computers could do a million calculations a second, which is 1000 times as many as first- generation computers; they are controlled by tiny integrated circuits and are consequently smaller and more dependable. Fourth-generation computers have now arrived. They are based on ICs greatly reduced in size due to microminiaturization, which means that the circuits are much smaller than before. As many as 1000 tiny circuits now fit onto a single chip. Fourth- generation computers are 50 times faster than third-generation computers. The most recent mainframe computers based on very large scale integration are becoming available in the mid-1980's. Each generation of computers has resulted from an advance in component technology, beginning with the replacement of the vacuum tube by the discrete transistor. A major advance in the development of computer technology was the creation of microprocessors and microcomputers. The tiny and versatile computing devices are able to control complex operations from the control and monitoring operation to playing chess.

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