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An automated production line consists of a series of workstations connected by
a transfer system to move parts between the stations. This is an example of fixed
automation, since these lines are set up for long production runs, making large
number of product units and running for several years between changeovers. Each
station is designed to perform a specific processing operation, so that the part or
product is constructed stepwise as it progresses along the line. A raw work part
enters at one end of the line, proceeds through each workstation and appears at the
other end as a completed product. In the normal operation of the line, there is a
work part being processed at each station, so that many parts are being processed
simultaneously and a finished part is produced with each cycle of the line. The
various operations, part transfers, and other activities taking place on an automated
transfer line must all be sequenced and coordinated properly for the line to operate
efficiently.
Modern automated lines are controlled by programmable logic controllers,
which are special computers that can perform timing and sequencing functions
required to operate such equipment. Automated production lines are utilized in
many industries, mostly automobile, where they are used for processes such as
machining and pressworking.
Machining is a manufacturing process in which metal is removed by a cutting
or shaping tool, so that the remaining work part is the desired shape. Machinery
and motor components are usually made by this process. In many cases, multiple
operations are required to completely shape of the part. If the part is mass-
produced, an automated transfer line is often the most economical method of
production. Many separate operations are divided among the workstations.
Pressworking operations involve the cutting and forming of parts from sheet
metal.Examples of such parts include automobile body panels, outer shells of
laundry machines and metal furniture. More than one processing step is often
required to complete a complicated part. Several presses are connected together in
sequence by handling mechanisms that transfer the partially completed parts from
one press to the next, thus creating an automated pressingwork line.

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