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Canada was thinly populated … different Indian tribes. They spoke different languages and were often … war with one another. … the Far North there were tribes of Eskimos.
Modern Canada originated as a country … immigrants. The First European appeared on Canadian soil … 15th and 16th centuries.
French explorer Jacques Cartier, who discovered the Gulf of St. Lawrence … 1534, is generally regarded as the founder of Canada. But English seaman John Cabot sighted Newfoundland 37 years earlier, in 1497, and Vikings are believed to have reached the Atlantic coast centuries … either explorers.
Then many temporary settlements of Spanish, Portuguese, English and French fishmen began to appear … the coasts of Newfoundland.
The French explorers established the first permanent settlements … Quebec (1608) and Montreal (1642), and declared New France a colony in 1663.
The early period of Canadian history passed … the struggle between the two powers, France and England.
Britain, as part of its American expansion, acquired Acadia (later Nova Scotia) in 1717. Britain … military victory over French forces … Canada captured Quebec (1759) and obtained control of the rest of New France in 1763.
During the American Revolution about 40 000 English colonists, who preferred to remain … British rule, crossed the frontier to Canada. The balance of forces was altered and the English speaking settlers became the majority.
In 1791 Canada was divided … Upper Canada (English-speaking) and Lower Canada (French-speaking).
Fur traders and explorers led Canadians westward across the continent. Sir Alexander Mackenzie reached the Pacific 1793.
In 1840 the Lower and Upper Canada were united … the Act of Union and given internal self-government in 1848.
The union lasted … Confederation, July I, 1857, when proclamation of the British North America Act launched the Dominion of Canada, consisting … Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia and New Brunswick.
The completion of the Canadian Pacific Railway … 1885 opened up the prairies and the Northwest. Saskatchewan and Alberta joined the federation in 1905.
In 1945 the Dominion of Canada became the member … the UN (United Nations).

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