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Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin was born on May 26, 1799 in Moscow in the Russian Empire. The future poet usually spent the summer months of 1805-1810 with his maternal grandmother Maria Alekseevna Hannibal (1745-1818, nee Pushkina [13], from another branch of the family), in the village of Zakharovo near Moscow, near Zvenigorod. Early childhood impressions were reflected in the first experiments of Pushkin's poems, written a little later (The Monk, 1813; Bova, 1814), in the lyceum poems The Epistle to Yudin (1815), The Dream (1816). Pushkin spent six years (1811-1817) at the Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum, opened on October 19, 1811. Here the young poet survived the events of the Patriotic War of 1812. It was here that his poetic gift was first discovered and highly appreciated. Memories of the years spent at the Lyceum, of the lyceum brotherhood forever remained in the poet's soul.

Among the Lyceum teachers of Pushkin was the professor of moral and political sciences A. P. Kunitsyn, who studied at the University of Götingen and was close with many future Decembrists [15]. Pushkin retained his gratitude to Kunitsyn throughout his life. He is the only one of the lyceum teachers to whom Pushkin repeatedly addressed in poetry. In July 1814, Pushkin appeared for the first time in print in the Moscow-based Vestnik Evropy magazine. In the thirteenth issue was printed the poem "To a friend-poet", signed by the pseudonym Alexander N. ksh. Endless negotiations with his son-in-law about the division of the estate after the death of his mother, worries about publishing, debts, and, most importantly, the deliberately obvious courting of Dantes' cavalry guard for his wife, which led to gossip in secular society, were the reason for Pushkin's depressed state in the fall of 1836. On November 3, an anonymous libel was sent to his friends [~ 8] with insulting allusions to Natalya Nikolaevna. Pushkin, who learned about the letters the next day, was sure that they were the work of Dantes and his adoptive father Gekkern. On the evening of November 4, he sent a challenge to a duel to Dantes. Gekkern (after two meetings with Pushkin) achieved a two-week delay in the duel. Through the efforts of the poet's friends and, above all, Zhukovsky and Natalia Nikolaevna's aunt E. Zagryazhskaya, the duel was prevented. On November 17, Dantes made an offer to Natalia Nikolaevna's sister, Ekaterina Goncharova. On the same day Pushkin sent a letter to his second VA Sollogub refusing the duel [91]. The marriage did not resolve the conflict. Dantes, meeting with Natalya Nikolaevna in the world, pursued her. Rumors spread that Dantes had married Pushkina's sister in order to save Natalia Nikolaevna's reputation. According to KK Danzas, his wife suggested that Pushkin leave Petersburg for a while, but he, “having lost all patience, decided to end differently” [92]. Pushkin sent on January 26 (February 7) 1837 to Louis Heckern "a highly insulting letter" [93]. The only answer to it could only be a challenge to a duel, and Pushkin knew this. A formal challenge to a duel from Heeckern, approved by Dantes, was received by Pushkin on the same day through the attaché of the French embassy, Viscount d'Arsiac. Since Gekkern was the ambassador of a foreign state, he could not fight in a duel - this would mean the immediate collapse of his career.

The duel with Dantes took place on January 27 at the Black River. Pushkin was wounded: the bullet broke the neck of his thigh and penetrated the stomach. For that time, the wound was fatal. Pushkin learned about this from the physician Arendt, who, yielding to his insistence, did not hide the true state of affairs

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