Translate into English. Use necessary Modal Verbs or their equivalents.
1. Неужели вы его не увидели?
a) Can you have failed to see him?
b) Could you fail to see him?
c) Might you fail to see him?
d) Might you have failed to see him?
e) Could you have seen him?
2. Не может быть, что этого он не заметил.
a) He couldn’t have failed to notice it.
b) He can’t have noticed it.
c) He mayn’t have failed to notice it.
d) He might have noticed it.
e) He can’t notice it.
3. Не может быть, чтобы он не одобрил вашего мнения.
a) He can’t have disapproved of your opinion.
b) He can’t have not approved of your opinion.
c) He mustn’t have disapproved of you opinion.
d) He shouldn’t have disapproved of you opinion.
e) He oughtn’t not disapproved of you opinion.
4. Не может взрослый человек не любить такие книги.
a) The grown-up person can’t dislike such books.
b) The grown-up person could not like such books.
c) The grown-up person can’t have disliked such books.
d) The grown-up person could not have liked such books.
e) The grown-up person may like such books.
5. Неужели он верит этому?
a) Can he believe it?
b) Could he have believed it?
c) May he believe it?
d) Can he have believed it?
e) Does he have to believe it?
6. Неужели он не верит этому?
a) Can he disbelieve it?
b) Could he not believe it?
c) Can he have disbelieved it?
d) May he disbelieve it?
e) Must he disbelieve it?
7. Неужели было так холодно?
a) Can it have been so cold?
b) Could it be so cold?
c) Can it be so cold?
d) Were it so cold?
e) It could be very cold, couldn’t it?
8. Здесь нельзя переходить улицу.
a) You can’t cross the street here.
b) You are to cross the street here.
c) You mustn’t cross the street here.
d) You shouldn’t cross the street here.
e) You wouldn’t cross the street here.
9. Он смог решить эту проблему.
a) He was able to settle this problem.
b) He could settle this problem.
c) He was able to have settled this problem.
d) He had to be able to settle this problem.
e) He is able to settle this problem.
10. Карандашом писать нельзя.
a) You can’t write with a pencil.
b) You mustn’t write with a pencil.
c) You are not write with a pencil.
d) You may not write with a pencil.
e) You couldn’t write with a pencil.
11. Я мог бы купить вам эту книгу тогда.
a) I could have bought this book for you then.
b) I could buy this book for you then.
c) I was able to buy this book for you then.
d) I might buy this book for you then.
e) I may have bought this book for you then.
12. Вы бы не могли немножко подождать?
a) Could you wait for a little while?
b) Can you wait for a little while?
c) May you wait for a little while?
d) Might you want for a little while?
e) Do you have to wait for a little while?
13. Нельзя так говорить со стариками.
a) You can’t speak so to old people.
b) You mustn’t speak so to old people.
c) You were not to speak so to old people.
d) You may not speak so to old people.
e) You don’t have to speak so to old people.
14. Хорошо, если бы ты мог пойти с нами.
a) I wish you could go with us.
b) I wish you can go with us.
c) I wish you are able to go with us.
d) I wish you had to go with us.
e) I wish you may go with us.
15. Она могла читать английские книги.
a) She could read English books.
b) She was able to read English books.
c) She may read English books.
d) She might read English books.
e) She were able to read English books.
16. Она смогла прочитать эту английскую книгу.
a) She was able to read this English book.
b) She could read this English book.
c) She had to read this English book.
d) She is to read this English book.
e) She could have read this English book.
17. Она должно быть ждёт нас в институте сейчас.
a) She must be waiting for us at the Institute now.
b) She must have been waiting for us at the Institute now.
c) She must wait for us at the Institute now.
d) She is to wait for us at the Institute now.
e) She ought wait for us at the Institute now.
18. Доктор говорит, что она должна жить на юге.
a) The doctor says that she must live in the South.
b) The doctor says that she needs to live in the South.
c) The doctor says that she has to live in the South.
d) The doctor says that she may live in the South.
e) The doctor says that she ought live in the South.
19. Он, по всей вероятности, забыл, что обещал прийти.
a) He must have forgotten that he promissed to come.
b) He must forget that he promissed to come.
c) He should forget that he promissed to come.
d) He ought have forgotten he promissed to come.
e) He might have forgotten he promissed to come.
20. Они, наверное, пишут сочинение уже около 2-х часов.
a) They must have been writing the composition for about 2 hours.
b) They must write the composition for about 2 hours.
c) They must have written the composition for about 2 hours.
d) They may be writing the composition for about 2 hours.
e) They must have been written the composition for about 2 hours.
d) Might you have failed to see him?
- Modal verb "might" is used to express a possibility or uncertainty in the past. In this sentence, it suggests the possibility that the person did not see him.
- "have failed" is the perfect infinitive form, indicating an action that was completed before another action in the past.
- "to see" is the bare infinitive form of the verb "see", used after modal verbs.
2. Не может быть, что этого он не заметил.
b) He can’t have noticed it.
- Modal verb "can’t" is used to express impossibility or strong doubt in the past. In this sentence, it suggests that it is impossible for him not to have noticed it.
- "have noticed" is the perfect infinitive form, indicating an action that was completed before another action in the past.
3. Не может быть, чтобы он не одобрил вашего мнения.
a) He can’t have disapproved of your opinion.
- Modal verb "can’t" is used to express impossibility or strong doubt in the past. In this sentence, it suggests that it is impossible for him not to have disapproved of your opinion.
- "have disapproved" is the perfect infinitive form, indicating an action that was completed before another action in the past.
4. Не может взрослый человек не любить такие книги.
c) The grown-up person can’t have disliked such books.
- Modal verb "can’t" is used to express impossibility or strong doubt in the past. In this sentence, it suggests that it is impossible for a grown-up person not to have disliked such books.
- "have disliked" is the perfect infinitive form, indicating an action that was completed before another action in the past.
5. Неужели он верит этому?
a) Can he believe it?
- Modal verb "can" is used to express ability or permission in the present. In this sentence, it suggests the possibility that he believes it.
6. Неужели он не верит этому?
b) Could he not believe it?
- Modal verb "could" is used to express ability or permission in the past. In this sentence, it suggests the possibility that he did not believe it.
7. Неужели было так холодно?
a) Can it have been so cold?
- Modal verb "can" is used to express ability or permission in the present. In this sentence, it is used to express possibility or uncertainty in the past. It suggests the possibility that it was so cold.
- "have been" is the perfect infinitive form, indicating an action that was completed before another action in the past.
8. Здесь нельзя переходить улицу.
c) You mustn’t cross the street here.
- Modal verb "mustn’t" is used to express prohibition or necessity. In this sentence, it is used to indicate that crossing the street is not allowed here.
9. Он смог решить эту проблему.
b) He could solve this problem.
- Modal verb "could" is used to express ability or permission in the past. In this sentence, it suggests that he was able to solve the problem.
10. Карандашом писать нельзя.
a) You can’t write with a pencil.
- Modal verb "can’t" is used to express prohibition or impossibility. In this sentence, it indicates that writing with a pencil is not allowed.
11. Я мог бы купить вам эту книгу тогда.
a) I could have bought this book for you then.
- Modal verb "could" is used to express ability or possibility. In this sentence, it suggests the possibility that I was able to buy the book for you then.
- "have bought" is the perfect infinitive form, indicating an action that was completed before another action in the past.
12. Вы бы не могли немножко подождать?
a) Could you wait for a little while?
- Modal verb "could" is used to express ability or permission. In this sentence, it is used to ask if you have the ability to wait for a little while.
13. Нельзя так говорить со стариками.
b) You mustn’t speak like that to old people.
- Modal verb "mustn’t" is used to express prohibition or necessity. In this sentence, it indicates that speaking like that to old people is not allowed.
14. Хорошо, если бы ты мог пойти с нами.
a) I wish you could go with us.
- Modal verb "could" is used to express ability or possibility. In this sentence, it is used to express a hypothetical situation, wishing that you were able to go with us.
15. Она могла читать английские книги.
a) She could read English books.
- Modal verb "could" is used to express ability or possibility. In this sentence, it suggests that she was able to read English books.
16. Она смогла прочитать эту английскую книгу.
a) She was able to read this English book.
- Modal verb "was able to" is used to express ability or possibility in the past. In this sentence, it suggests that she had the ability to read this English book.
17. Она должно быть ждёт нас в институте сейчас.
a) She must be waiting for us at the Institute now.
- Modal verb "must" is used to express strong probability or certainty in the present. In this sentence, it suggests that she is probably waiting for us at the Institute now.
18. Доктор говорит, что она должна жить на юге.
a) The doctor says that she must live in the South.
- Modal verb "must" is used to express strong requirement or necessity. In this sentence, it indicates that the doctor is saying that she is required or necessary to live in the South.
19. Он, по всей вероятности, забыл, что обещал прийти.
e) He might have forgotten that he promised to come.
- Modal verb "might" is used to express possibility or uncertainty. In this sentence, it suggests the possibility that he might have forgotten that he promised to come.
- "have forgotten" is the perfect infinitive form, indicating an action that was completed before another action in the past.
20. Они, наверное, пишут сочинение уже около 2-х часов.
a) They must have been writing the composition for about 2 hours.
- Modal verb "must" is used to express strong probability or certainty. In this sentence, it suggests that they have probably been writing the composition for about 2 hours.
- "have been writing" is the perfect continuous infinitive form, indicating an ongoing action in the past.