TASK 5. Answer the following questions:
1. What concepts formed the basis of the earliest criminological
theories?
2. How did the biological theories develop?
3. What was Montesquieu's approach to causes of crime?
4. What views on crime predominated in the 19th century?
5. How did criminological theories develop in the 20th century?
6. What is relationship between the mental and emotional state of person and his or her inclinations to crime?
7. What are the latest views on the causes of crime?​

Crime and its causes.

Crime and its causes can be studied at the individual, group and social levels. Therefore, they can be given psychological, sociological and philosophical explanations. These explanations do not contradict each other, but complement one another, allowing you to analyze the causes of crime from various angles.

Considering this problem on an individual level,

it is possible to designate the causes of crime as a conflict of human behavior with the social environment.

When a person gets into a problem situation, he often does not find a solution to the difficulties that have arisen and chooses a criminal path.

But a natural question arises, why is the personality formed in this way? And why do problem situations arise that make a person a difficult choice? It is impossible to answer these questions if you do not turn to the study of modern society.

Moreover, it is obvious that as reasons

crime are social and economic, and political, and spiritual factors, closely related to each other.

The circumstances leading to criminal behavior are: antisocial behavior of parents; alcoholism and neuropsychic illnesses of parents; low level of culture in the family.

The negative personality traits and behavior are considered the previous conviction; commission of other illegal acts; negative attitude to moral values; viciousness, rudeness and revenge; drunkenness, drug use, gambling.

So, after we learned a lot about criminology, it is not difficult to conclude that repression can arise on the basis of the interaction of the individual and social environment.

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