READ AND TRANSLATE Astana is the capital of the Republic of Kazakhstan. It is the third largest city in the country with population over 800 000. In 1999 Astana was awarded the title of the City of Peace by UNESCO.
Geographical position and climate
Astana is the northernmost capital of Asia. The city is situated in the central Kazakhstan on the banks of the Ishim River. It is located in steppe and has an extreme continental climate – summers here are hot, while winters are very dry and cold. Astana is the second coldest capital city in the world.
History of the city
The city was founded in 1830 and its first name was Akmolinsk, then in 1961 it was renamed Tselinograd. In 1992 the city’s name was changed to Akmola. Akmola became the capital of Kazakhstan in 1997 and in 1998 the city received its present name Astana.
Economy of Astana
The economy of the city is based on trade, transport and construction. It is a special economic zone. Astana is an important centre for business and trade. The most important branches of industry are food processing industry, mechanical engineering and production of construction materials. The city is a centre for culture, sport, healthcare and education.
Architecture and sights
Astana is a beautiful modern city. The author of the Master Plan of Astana is the famous Japanese architect Kisho Kurokawa. There are a lot of modern futuristic buildings, skyscrapers and monuments. “Baiterek” memorial is the symbol of Astana; it is also the geographical centre of all Eurasia.
There are a lot of beautiful parks and fountains in Astana, the most famous of which is “Tree of Life” fountain. In the city there are also some theatres and museums, concert halls and trading and entertainment centres. As Astana is the capital of the country there are government buildings and the residence of the president.
1. Read and translate the text
2. To make 5 questions (жазбаша)
3. To learn the rules (конспект)
4. Find 6 plural nouns in the text (жазбаша

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