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After finishing general secondary school students receive a secondary education certificate, giving them the right to enter any higher education institution. Higher education plays an important part in the life of any country as it provides the country with highly-qualified specialists for future development and progress. It trains people to become teachers, engineers, doctors and other professional workers. Education preserves the culture, develops knowledge and skills, forms values, and through it the information is exchanged. It’s the way to success.
There are several types of higher education institutions in Russia. These are Universities, Academies, Institutes, Technical Universities and Conservatories. All the institutions are headed by the rectors; the faculties are headed by the deans. Universities, academies and institutes have similar functions - they train students in a variety of fields. Technical universities offer specialized instruction such as learning a skill, and conservatories offer lessons in music.
Higher education is provided by state and non-state (private) institutions. At the state institutions all applicants must pass competitive entrance exams to be admitted. Those few who achieve outstanding results are awarded scholarships. Approximately 1/3rd of students pay for their studies. At most non-state institutions all students pay tuition fees without receiving any financial help.
The academic year at Russian universities begins on the 1st of September and ends at the end of June/July. It usually lasts for 9 months and is divided into two terms (semesters). Autumn semester lasts from September till December, spring semester - from January till May. There is no summer semester, but during the summer students can take summer studies, which may consist of exams, personal projects or research in Russia and abroad. Most of the libraries are open during the summer. In addition to summer holidays, there is a break at the New Year and Christmas Celebrations (Jan 01 – Jan 10) and some other public holidays during the year.

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