Перевести текст на русский язык TEXT 1. THE NATURE OF ELECTRICITY
Пояснения к тексту:
a piece of amber is rubbed with wool – кусок янтаря, натертый шерстью;
an sealing-wax – сургуч;
a glass rod – стеклянная палочка;
to repel – отталкивать
The ancient Greeks knew that when a piece of amber is rubbed with wool or
fur it achieves the power of attracting light objects. Later on the phenomenon was
studied, and, the word electric, after the Greek word «electron», meaning amber
was used. Many scientists investigated electric phenomena, and during the nineteenth century many discoveries about the nature of electricity, and of magnetism,
which is closely related to electricity, were made. It was found that if a sealingwax rod is rubbed with a woolen cloth, and, a rod of glass is rubbed with a silken
cloth; an electric spark will pass between the sealing-wax rod and the glass rod
when they are brought near one another. Moreover, it was found that a force of
attraction operates between them. An electrified sealing-wax is repelled, however,
by a wax rod, and also an electrified glass rod is repelled, by a similar glass rod.
The ideas were developed that there are two kinds of electricity, which
were called resinous electricity, and that opposite kinds of electricity attract one
another, whereas similar kinds repel one another.
Electricity is a type of energy that gives things the power to work. This
energy comes from electrons. Scientists have learned how to use electrons to
produce electricity.
Classes of electricity. The study of electricity may be divided into three classes or branches: magnetism, electrostatics, and electrodynamics. Magnetism is the
property of the molecules of iron and certain other substances through which they
store energy in a field of force because of the arrangement movement of the electrons in their atoms. Electrostatics is the study of electricity at rest, or static electricity. Examples of this type of electricity are charges on condenser plates. Rubbing glass with silk produces static electricity. Electrodynamics is the study of
electricity in motion, or dynamic electricity. The electricity which flows through
wires for light and power purposes is a good example of latter type of electricity.

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