Переведите все предложения, в которых используется пассивный залог. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF COMPUTER NETWORKS

A computer network is a set of electronically connected computers which can share information and resources among themselves. There are communication protocols that define how this sharing should take place. Like every other technological prospect, computer networks come with its set of advantages and disadvantages.

Advantages of Networks

The major advantage of a computer network is that is allows file sharing and provision file access. A person sitting at one workstation that is connected to a network can easily see files present on another workstation, provided he is authorized to do so. This saves him/her the hassle of carrying a storage device every time data needs to be transported from one system to another. Further, a central database means that anyone on that network can share a file and/or update it. If files are stored on a server and all of its clients share that storage capacity, then it becomes easier to make a file available to multiple users.

Resource sharing is another important benefit of a computer network. For example, if there are twelve employees in an organization, each having their own computer, they will require twelve modems and twelve printers if they want to use the resources at the same time. A computer network, on the other hand, provides a cheaper alternative by the remote of resource sharing. All the computers can be interconnected using a network, and just one modem and printer can efficiently provide the services to all twelve users.

Shared resources mean reduction in hardware costs. Shared files mean reduction in memory requirement, which indirectly means reduction in file storage expenses. A particular software can be installed only once on the server and made available across all connected computers at once. This saves the expense of buying and installing the same software as many times for as many users.

A user can log on to a computer anywhere on the network and access his files. This offers flexibility to the user as to where he should be during the course of his routine.

Since there is more than one computer on a network which can easily access files, the issue of storage capacity gets resolved to a great extent. A standalone computer might fall short of storage memory, but when many computers are on a network, the memory of different computers can be used in such a case. One can also design a storage server on the network in order to have a huge storage capacity.

Disadvantages of Networks

One of the major drawbacks of computer networks is the security issues that are involved. If a computer is a standalone computer, physical access becomes necessary for any kind of data theft. However, if a computer is on a network, a hacker can get unauthorized access by using different tools. In case of big organizations, various network security software need to be used to prevent theft of any confidential and classified data.

If even one computer on a network gets affected by a virus, there is a possible threat for the other systems getting affected too. Viruses can spread on a network easily, because of the inter-connectivity of workstations. Moreover, multiple systems with common resources are the perfect breeding ground for viruses that multiply. Similarly, if malware gets accidentally installed on the central server, all clients in the network that are connected to that server will get affected automatically.

If the main file server of a computer network breaks down, the entire system becomes useless. If there is a central linking server or a bridging device in the network, and it fails, the entire network will come to a standstill. In case of big networks, the file server should be a powerful computer, which often makes setting up and maintaining the system doubly expensive.

Since most networks have a centralized server and dependent clients, the client users lack any freedom whatsoever. Centralized decision making can sometimes hinder how a client user wants to use his own computer.

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