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1. Galileo made the first optical telescope and looked
through it at the Moon and planets in 1609.
2. The Earth is the biggest planet in the Solar System.
3. Tsiolkovsky worked out the theory of cosmic flights.
4. Lomonosov founded the first Russian University and was an outstanding poet.
5. Yuri Gagarin devoted his life to constructing satellites and rockets.
6. Russia was the first country in the world to send a man into space.
7. The first living being in space was a cat called Barsic, that orbited the Earth on the Soviet spaceship.
8. Mozhaisky was the first who designed the first airplane on August 1, 1882 and the experiment was successful.

1. Galileo made the first optical telescope and looked through it at the Moon and planets in 1609.
Correction: Galileo made the first astronomical telescope and used it to observe the Moon and planets in 1609.

Explanation: Galileo Galilei is credited with improving the design of the telescope and using it to make significant astronomical observations. The term "optical" is not accurate in this context as it doesn't specifically describe the type of telescope Galileo made. The addition of "astronomical" clarifies the purpose of the telescope.

2. The Earth is the biggest planet in the Solar System.
Correction: The Earth is not the biggest planet in the Solar System.

Explanation: The Earth is not the largest planet in the Solar System. In fact, Earth is the third smallest planet in terms of both mass and diameter. Jupiter is the largest planet in the Solar System.

3. Tsiolkovsky worked out the theory of cosmic flights.
Correction: Tsiolkovsky developed the theory of space travel.

Explanation: Konstantin Tsiolkovsky was a Russian scientist and engineer who made significant contributions to the field of astronautics. The term "cosmic flights" is not accurate as it doesn't specifically describe the concept of space travel. The use of "space travel" more accurately reflects Tsiolkovsky's work.

4. Lomonosov founded the first Russian University and was an outstanding poet.
Correction: Lomonosov founded the first Russian University and was a prominent scientist.

Explanation: Mikhail Lomonosov was a Russian polymath who made significant contributions to various fields such as chemistry, physics, and astronomy. While he was a poet as well, his scientific achievements are more notable. The use of "outstanding poet" can be replaced with "prominent scientist" to better represent Lomonosov's accomplishments.

5. Yuri Gagarin devoted his life to constructing satellites and rockets.
Correction: Yuri Gagarin dedicated his life to space exploration and became the first human to orbit the Earth.

Explanation: Yuri Gagarin was a Soviet astronaut who made history by becoming the first person to travel into space. While he did not specifically dedicate his life to constructing satellites and rockets, he played a crucial role in advancing space exploration. The use of "space exploration" more accurately reflects Gagarin's contributions.

6. Russia was the first country in the world to send a man into space.
Correction: The Soviet Union was the first country in the world to send a man into space.

Explanation: The correct credit goes to the Soviet Union, which was a socialist state comprising several countries including Russia. It was through the Soviet Union's space program that Yuri Gagarin became the first human to travel into space.

7. The first living being in space was a cat called Barsic, that orbited the Earth on the Soviet spaceship.
Correction: The first living being in space was a dog named Laika, who orbited the Earth on the Soviet spaceship.

Explanation: The statement incorrectly identifies a cat named Barsic as the first living being in space. In reality, it was a dog named Laika who became the first animal to be launched into orbit aboard the Soviet spacecraft Sputnik 2.

8. Mozhaisky was the first who designed the first airplane on August 1, 1882, and the experiment was successful.
Correction: Mozhaisky designed and tested one of the earliest aircraft concepts, but it was not a successful flight.

Explanation: Alexander Mozhaisky was a Russian inventor who made significant contributions to aviation. While he designed and tested an early form of aircraft in 1882, his experiment did not result in a successful flight. The phrase "the experiment was successful" is not accurate.