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EGYPTIAN PYRAMIDS
Architecture is the art which makes buildings beautiful to look at as
well as useful. A man who designs (проектировать) buildings and makes
the plans for them is called an architect. He has to think not only of what
he wants the building to look like when it is finished, but also what it is to
be used for. He must not forget the sort of material to be used in the
building. This may be stone, brick, wood or steel and concrete (бетон).
There have been many different styles or kinds of architecture in
the past and there are many different styles today in different parts of the
world. The oldest monuments which are met within architecture are the
colossal pyramids of Egypt most of which were constructed about 6,000
years ago.
The pyramids are large triangular (треугольный) buildings which
were placed over the tombs (могила) of Egyptian kings. The best known
of the pyramids are a group of three built at Giza south of Cairo. The
largest of these is 482 feet high. They tell us of the advanced civilization
of ancient Egypt which is much spoken about even in our days. It was a
country which had expert mathematicians and engineers, where
astronomy and philosophy were known and studied.
The country was rich in hard and durable (прочный) stone, but poor
in timber (лесоматериалы) and metal, so that the main material used for
construction was granite, and this was the reason for the durability of the
pyramids.
Large blocks of stone were transported over long distances by land
and water, and placed into position with the help of the most primitive
equipment. That was done by slaves (рабы) working for thirty or forty
years. All this great amount of work was done, masses of material and a
large territory sometimes of about 52,000 square meters were used, only
for protecting the body of a dead king and constructing a dwelling place
(жилье) for his happy life in the "other world".

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