Нужен перевод текста offshoring or outsourcing is a transferring work to an outside supplier based in another country in order to reduce expenditures for taxes and labour. offshoring is worth doing at 50% cost saving. the first phase of the global shifting started two decades ago with the transferring of manufacturing jobs to eco¬nomically developing countries. after that, simple service work, like process¬ing credit card receipts, and digital labor, like writing software code, began fleeing high-cost countries. now all kinds of knowledge work can be done almost anywhere. the driving forces are digitization, the internet, and high-speed data net¬works that circle the globe. by mining databases over the internet, offshore staff can check individuals' credit records, analyse corporate financial information, and search through oceans of economic statistics. the usa and great britain can be considered to be the pioneers of outsourcing, france joined later. the impact of offshore hiring is hard to measure, since so far a tiny portion of us white-collar work has jumped overseas. in the 1990s, the usa had to import hundreds of thousands of immigrants to ease engineering short¬ages. now developing countries like india have enough local educated workers and engineers and there is no need to import american and british specialists. bank of america has already slashed 3,700 of its 25,000 technical and back-office jobs and more are to follow. corporate downsizings are nothing new. these layoffs, though, aren't just happening because demand has dried up; one third of those jobs are headed to india, where work that costs $100 an hour in the us gets done for $20. analysts expect 40% of the usa’s top 1000 companies to have an overseas pilot project under way within 2 years. by encouraging eco¬nomic development in nations such as china and india, meanwhile, us and british companies expand foreign markets for their goods and services, provide employment and financial investments through the taxes in these countries economies. american and british businesses have to develop and improve urban infrastructure of these nations. outsourcing became the great impact of economic boom in china, its production growth, financial system developing. in 2010 the chinese economy occupied the 2d place by the gross domestic product (gdp), giving the first position to the usa. at the same time the developed countries governments face huge unemployment, labour layoffs, capital outflow from the home economies. outsourcing experts say the big job migration has only just begun. in america some states are already pushing for legislation to stop public jobs from being transferred overseas and now the unions are moving into the fight to keep jobs at home. the big offshoring beneficiaries will be those offering the speediest and cheapest telecom links, investor-friendly policies and ample college graduates.