качественно перевести текст HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
The specialized task of obtaining the workers a company needs and then overseeing their
training, evaluation, and compensation is known as personnel management. Human resource
management is becoming more complex as the work force, the economy and corporate cultures
are changing at an ever increasing pace. The first step in staffing a business organization is
human resource planning. The organization must forecast demand and then determine the
numbers and types of workers that will be required to meet this demand.
Factors to be considered include determining whether workers with the required skills can be
found in the general work force. Job analysis is the process by which jobs are studied to
determine the tasks and dynamics involved. Questions that must be asked involve the
qualifications and skills required to do the job as well as the actual tasks to be performed. The
information needed for job analysis may be obtained by interviewing employees or supervisors,
by direct observation, or by asking workers to keep diaries describing their workday. After
completing the job analysis, the human resource manager may develop a job description, which
is a specific statement of the tasks involved in the job and conditions under which the holder of
the job will work. A jobspecification may also be devised, that is, a statement describing the kind
of person who would be best for the job, including skills, education, and previous work
experience. Using the job specification, recruiters (specialists on the human resources staff
responsible for obtaining candidates) try to match it to a person. The person may be found within
the organization (promote a present employee) or outside. Although, the actual stages of the
hiring process may vary from one firm to another, most companies go through certain basic
processes. A small number of qualified candidates may be chosen on the basis of a standard
application blank and/or on the basis of their resumes (a summary of education, experience,
interests and other personal data compiled by the applicant). Each candidate would then be
interviewed and may be asked to take a test or series of tests. An in-depth interview with the
most likely candidates may follow, and then the candidates would be interviewed by the
individual who, if they were hired, would be their supervisor. Firms have orientation procedures
for new workers to ensure that they understand the company's goals, policies, and procedures.
Companies are today developing highly structured performance appraisal systems to provide the
necessary objective worker evaluations. Such systems include standards, in writing, so that both
the supervisor and the worker understand what is expected of them. The biggest problem with
such systems, however, is finding a way to measure performance, as it is not always an easy
criterion to judge. In return to their services, workers receive compensation, which can take the
form of payments, benefits, and employer services. Fоr many blue-collar and some white-collar workers, compensation takes the form of wages, a payment based on calculation of the number
of hours worked or the number of units produced. Other workers are paid a salary, which bases
compensation on a unit of time such as a week, a month, or a year, rather than an hour. Salaried
workers typically receive no pay for working overtime.
To increase productivity, firms often offer workers incentives linked to levels of production or
profitability. Both salaried and wage-earning workers may receive a bonus- a payment in
addition to the regular wage or salary. Commissions payments made to an employee based on
sales made, may also be used as an addition to a worker's salary or as an employee's sole method
of compensation. Financial benefits other than wages, salaries, and incentives that are provided
for workers are called fringe benefits. Fringe benefits may include paid holidays, sick pay, and
paid vacations. Additionally, parents are increasingly looking for such benefits as unpaid leaves
to take care of babies.

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