Gross Domestic Product Region's gross domestic product, or GDP, is one of several measures of the size of its
economy. The GDP of a country is defined as the market value of all final goods and
services produced within a country in a given period of time. Until the 1980s the term GNP
or gross national product was used. The two terms GDP and GNP are almost identical. The
most common approach to measuring and understanding GDP is the expenditure method:
GDP = consumption + investment + government spending + (exports/ imports).
Gross means depreciation of capital stock included. Without depreciation, with net
investment instead of gross investment, it is the Net domestic product. Consumption and
investment in this equation are the expenditure on final goods and services. The exports
minus imports part of the equation (often called cumulative exports) then adjusts this by
subtracting the part of this expenditure not produced domestically (the imports), and adding
back in domestic production not consumed at home (the exports).
Economists (since Keynes) have preferred to split the general consumption term into
two parts: private consumption and public sector (or government) spending. Two
advantages of dividing total consumption this way in theoretical macroeconomics are:
Private consumption is a central concern of welfare economics. The private
investment and trade portions of the economy are ultimately directed (in mainstream
economic models) to increases in long-term private consumption. If separated from
endogenous private consumption, government consumption can be treated as exogenous, so
that different government spending levels can be considered within a meaningful
macroeconomic framework. Therefore GDP can be expressed as:
GDP = private consumption + government + investment + net exports (or simply
GDP = C + G + I + X — M (‘X”, ‘M’ accounts for exports and imports, respectively)).
Задание 2. Выписать из текста 2-3 предложения в действительном залоге
(Active Voice), прокомментировать временную форму глагола.
Задание 3. Выписать из текста 2-3 предложения в страдательном залоге
(Passive Voice), прокомментировать временную форму глагола
Задание 4. Выписать из текста предложения с модальным глаголом.
Задание 5. Выписать из текста и перевести 5-7 терминов-слов или
терминов-словосочетаний.

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