grammar task e. put the verb in the necessary form.
1. if i (to have) time, i will help you with your translation.
2. i (come) as soon as i can. 3. i (not start) watching the movie until you
(come). 4. i will (to eat) dinner tomorrow until i finish my work. 5. my
brother (go) skiing if it isn't windy. 6. i (have) to stay with my little sister
after i (finish) my homework. 7. my brother will not be able to drive a car
until he (receive) a driver's license.

grammar task b. open the brackets, using the gerund. translate the
sentences.
1. do you mind (to help) me? 2. accountants are tired after (to write)
financial reports. 3. after (to look) at the text, i understood that i needed a
dictionary. 4. instead of (to look) for the dictionary, i asked my brother to
translate the word. 5. after (to say) a few words in english he knew that i
was from russia. 6. after he (to refuse) once i never asked him for help
again. 7. when i started (to translate) i understood that the text was easy.
8. keep on (to read) the book with the dictionary. 9. (to swim) is good for
your back. 10. do you mind (to wash) dishes? 11. i quit (to smoke). 12 (to
smoke) is bad for you health. 13. the grass is dry. it needs (to water).
14. (to travel) is always fun

a. 1. i know only the story he (to tell) me a couple of months
ago. 2. we think that they (to cancel) the second lecture yesterday.
4. tomorrow we will know why they (to cancel) the second lecture. 5.
they say that our lecturer (to get) sick a week ago; she (to call) the dean's
office and (to cancel) all lectures till next week.
b. 1. i decided that next year i (to go) to see my old friend again.
i not (to see) him since he (to go) to moscow. 2. my brother told me he
(come) to visit me after the new year. 3. the visitors were told that the
secretary just (to go out) and (to come back) in half an hour. 4. the student
asked the librarian when the books (to be) available. 5. the librarian
answered that the books (to be) returned next week. 6. my sister said that
she (to find) some interesting materials for my presentation and she already
(to send) them to me. 7. she said that i (to write) to her more often earlier.
8. my sister said that she (to help) me to prepare the presentation. 9. the
teachers said that we (to need) to study more. 10. the secretary told me that
the dean (to leave) an hour ago.

ответ:1. Have 2. Will come 3. Won't watch , come 4. Won't eat 5. Would go 6. Have , finish 7. Receives

Объяснение:

1)help

2)come,

3)don't start

4)eat

5)goes

6)have

7)receives

8)read

1. If I have time, I will help you with your translation.
- Here, we use the present simple tense for the verb "to have" because it is referring to a general condition or possibility (having time) in the future.

2. I will come as soon as I can.
- In this sentence, the future simple tense is used for the verb "to come" because it is an action that will happen in the future.

3. I will not start watching the movie until you come.
- In this sentence, we use the future simple tense for the verb "to start" because it refers to a future action (not starting watching the movie) that will happen after the condition (you come) is fulfilled.

4. I will eat dinner tomorrow until I finish my work.
- Here, we use the future simple tense for the verb "to eat" because it is an action that will happen tomorrow in the future, and it will continue until the other action (finishing work) is completed.

5. My brother will go skiing if it isn't windy.
- In this sentence, we use the future simple tense for the verb "to go" because it is an action that will happen in the future if the condition (it isn't windy) is fulfilled.

6. I have to stay with my little sister after I finish my homework.
- Here, we use the present simple tense for the verb "to have" because it indicates a general obligation or requirement (to stay with my little sister). After that, we use the present simple tense for the verb "to finish" because it refers to a habitual or repeated action (to finish homework).

7. My brother will not be able to drive a car until he receives a driver's license.
- In this sentence, we use the future simple tense for the verb "to be able" because it refers to a future ability or capability (to drive a car). After that, we use the present simple tense for the verb "to receive" because it indicates a general truth or fact (to receive a driver's license).

Now let's move on to the second part of the task:

1. Do you mind helping me?
- Here, we use the gerund form "helping" after the verb "mind" because it requires a gerund when used in a question form. The sentence means "Do you have any objection to helping me?"

2. Accountants are tired after writing financial reports.
- In this sentence, we use the gerund form "writing" after the preposition "after" because it indicates an action that happens after another action. The sentence means "Accountants feel tired after they have written financial reports."

3. After looking at the text, I understood that I needed a dictionary.
- Here, we use the gerund form "looking" after the preposition "after" because it indicates an action that happens after another action. The sentence means "I understood that I needed a dictionary after I had looked at the text."

4. Instead of looking for the dictionary, I asked my brother to translate the word.
- In this sentence, we use the gerund form "looking" after the phrase "instead of" because it indicates an alternative action. The sentence means "Rather than looking for the dictionary, I asked my brother to translate the word."

5. After saying a few words in English, he knew that I was from Russia.
- Here, we use the gerund form "saying" after the preposition "after" because it indicates an action that happens after another action. The sentence means "He knew that I was from Russia after I had said a few words in English."

6. After he refused once, I never asked him for help again.
- In this sentence, we use the gerund form "refusing" after the preposition "after" because it indicates an action that happens after another action. The sentence means "After he had refused once, I never asked him for help again."

7. When I started translating, I understood that the text was easy.
- Here, we use the gerund form "translating" after the verb "started" because it shows an ongoing action. The sentence means "At the moment when I began translating, I realized that the text was easy."

8. Keep on reading the book with the dictionary.
- Here, we use the gerund form "reading" after the phrase "keep on" because it indicates continuing or ongoing action. The sentence means "Continue reading the book with the dictionary."

9. Swimming is good for your back.
- In this sentence, we use the gerund form "swimming" as a subject of the sentence because it refers to a general activity or concept. The sentence means "The activity of swimming is beneficial for your back."

10. Do you mind washing dishes?
- Here, we use the gerund form "washing" after the verb "mind" because it requires a gerund when used in a question form. The sentence means "Do you have any objection to washing dishes?"

11. I quit smoking.
- In this sentence, we use the gerund form "smoking" after the verb "quit" because it indicates the action that is being stopped or discontinued. The sentence means "I stopped smoking."

12. Smoking is bad for your health.
- Here, we use the gerund form "smoking" as a subject of the sentence because it refers to a general activity or concept. The sentence means "The activity of smoking is detrimental to your health."

13. The grass is dry. It needs watering.
- In this sentence, we use the gerund form "watering" after the verb "needs" because it indicates the action that is required. The sentence means "The grass is dry, and it needs to be watered."

14. Traveling is always fun.
- Here, we use the gerund form "traveling" as a subject of the sentence because it refers to a general activity or concept. The sentence means "The activity of traveling is always enjoyable."

Moving on to the last part of the task:

a. 1. I know only the story he told me a couple of months ago.
- Here, we use the past simple tense for the verb "to tell" because it refers to a specific action that happened in the past.

2. We think that they canceled the second lecture yesterday.
- In this sentence, we use the past simple tense for the verb "to cancel" because it refers to a specific action that happened in the past.

4. Tomorrow we will know why they canceled the second lecture.
- Here, we use the future simple tense for the verb "to cancel" because it indicates an action that will happen tomorrow in the future.

5. They say that our lecturer got sick a week ago; she called the dean's office and canceled all lectures until next week.
- In this sentence, we use the past simple tense for the verb "to get" because it refers to a specific action that happened in the past. After that, we use the past simple tense for the verbs "called" and "canceled" because they also refer to specific actions that happened in the past.

b. 1. I decided that next year I will go to see my old friend again. I have not seen him since he went to Moscow.
- Here, we use the future simple tense for the verb "to go" because it indicates an action that will happen in the future. After that, we use the present perfect tense for the verb "to see" because it refers to a past action with a present relevance.

2. My brother told me he will come to visit me after the new year.
- In this sentence, we use the future simple tense for the verb "to come" because it indicates an action that will happen in the future.

3. The visitors were told that the secretary just went out and will come back in half an hour.
- Here, we use the past simple tense for the verb "to go" because it refers to a specific action that happened in the past. After that, we use the future simple tense for the verb "to come" because it indicates an action that will happen in the future.

4. The student asked the librarian when the books would be available.
- In this sentence, we use the modal verb "would" to indicate the future in the past. The sentence means "The student asked the librarian about the availability of the books in the future."

5. The librarian answered that the books will be returned next week.
- Here, we use the future simple tense for the verb "to be" because it indicates an action that will happen in the future.

6. My sister said that she found some interesting materials for my presentation and she already sent them to me.
- In this sentence, we use the past simple tense for the verb "to find" because it refers to a specific action that happened in the past. After that, we use the past simple tense for the verbs "sent" because they also refer to specific actions that happened in the past.

7. She said that I used to write to her more often earlier.
- Here, we use the past simple tense for the verb "used to" because it refers to a habitual or repeated action in the past.

8. My sister said that she would help me to prepare the presentation.
- In this sentence, we use the modal verb "would" to indicate the future in the past. The sentence means "My sister said that she was willing to help me with the preparation of the presentation."

9. The teachers said that we need to study more.
- Here, we use the present simple tense for the verb "to need" because it indicates a general truth or fact.

10. The secretary told me that the dean had left an hour ago.
- In this sentence, we use the past perfect tense for the verb "to leave" because it indicates an action that happened before another action in the past.