Express the same idea using the Passive Voice and translate the sentences into Russian.

Model: The society has established the criminal law to maintain peace

and order. (The criminal law …)

The criminal law has been established to maintain peace and

order.

1. A governing power establishes laws to maintain peace, secure justice for its members, define the legal rights of the individual and community, and to punish offenders for legal wrongs.

2. The civil law is the portion of the law which defines and determines the rights of the individual in protecting his person and his property.

3. The criminal law protects society and the community from the injurious and harmful acts of individuals.

4. People use the word ‘law‘ to mean many things.

5. Generally we use the word ‘law‘ to indicate all law and we also use it to mean a single enactment of a lawmaking body, a statute.

6. The criminal law assures a person charged with a crime of a fair and

speedy trial.

7. Parliament makes laws, and they constitute parliamentary or statutory law.

8. In all societies prescriptive laws regulate relations between people.

9. Members of every community have made laws for themselves in selfprotection.

10. The Law embraces all the spheres of production, distribution and exchange.

11. The Law lays down the measures for combating encroachment on the state system and the existing order of social relations.

12. We often refer to the law.

1. Laws are established by a governing power to maintain peace, secure justice for its members, define the legal rights of the individual and community, and to punish offenders for legal wrongs. (Законы устанавливаются управляющей властью для поддержания мира, обеспечения правосудия для ее членов, определения прав юридического лица и сообщества, а также для наказания правонарушителей.)
2. The rights of the individual in protecting his person and his property are defined and determined by the civil law. (Права индивида в защите его личности и его имущества определяются и регулируются гражданским законодательством.)
3. Society and the community are protected from the injurious and harmful acts of individuals by the criminal law. (Социум и сообщество защищаются от вредных и вредоносных действий отдельных лиц уголовным правом.)
4. The word 'law' is used to mean many things. (Слово "закон" используется для обозначения множества вещей.)
5. Generally, the word 'law' is used to indicate all law and it is also used to mean a single enactment of a lawmaking body, a statute. (Обычно слово "закон" используется для обозначения всего законодательства, а также оно может означать отдельный документ законодательного органа, закон.)
6. A person charged with a crime is assured of a fair and speedy trial by the criminal law. (Человеку, обвиняемому в преступлении, гарантирован справедливый и скорый судебный процесс уголовным правом.)
7. Laws are made by Parliament, and they constitute parliamentary or statutory law. (Законы принимаются Парламентом и являются парламентским или законодательным правом.)
8. In all societies, relations between people are regulated by prescriptive laws. (Во всех обществах отношения между людьми регулируются предписывающими законами.)
9. Laws for self-protection have been made by members of every community. (Члены каждого сообщества создали законы для своей защиты.)
10. All the spheres of production, distribution, and exchange are encompassed by the Law. (Закон охватывает все области производства, распределения и обмена.)
11. The measures for combating encroachment on the state system and the existing order of social relations are laid down by the Law. (Закон устанавливает меры для борьбы с нарушениями государственной системы и существующего порядка социальных отношений.)
12. The law is often referred to. (Часто обращаются к закону.)