Exercise 14. Try to enrich your vocabulary:

a) find words in the text which have the same meanings as the following

words:

to contain, to believe, the means, to study, to get, a kind, to talk, data,

various, to be responsible for, a diploma, to want, to continue;

b) find words in the text whose meanings are opposite to the meanings of the

following words:

informal, narrow, bad, different, the beginning, old, to give up, small, before;

c) replace the words in italics with the words with similar and opposite meanings:

1. This road is rather broad.
2.They study different subjects.
3. They wantto continue their education.
4. The children are eating with good manners.
5. They were reading the text at the beginning of the lesson.

Упражнение 14. Постарайтесь обогатить свой словарный запас:

а) найдите в тексте слова, которые имеют те же значения, что и следующие

слова:

содержать, верить, средства, изучать, добывать, вид, разговаривать, сведения,

различный, быть ответственным за, диплом, хотеть, продолжать;

б) найдите в тексте слова, значения которых противоположны значениям

следующие слова:

неформальный, узкий, плохой, другой, начало, старый, сдаться, маленький, до;

в) заменить слова, выделенные курсивом, словами со сходными и противоположными значениями:

1. Эта дорога довольно широкая.
2.Они изучают разные предметы.
3. Они хотят продолжить свое образование.
4. Дети едят с хорошими манерами.
5. Они читали текст в начале урока.

Exercise 14:

a) To find words in the text which have the same meanings as the following words:

1. to contain - In the text, we can see the word "to have" which has a similar meaning to "to contain".

Example sentence: The bag has a lot of books.

Explanation: In this sentence, the word "has" means that the bag contains or holds a lot of books.

2. to believe - In the text, we can find the word "to think" which has a similar meaning to "to believe".

Example sentence: I think she will come to the party.

Explanation: In this sentence, the word "think" expresses the speaker's belief or opinion about the girl coming to the party.

3. the means - In the text, we see the word "the way" which has a similar meaning to "the means".

Example sentence: Walking is a good way to stay healthy.

Explanation: In this sentence, the phrase "a good way" means a good method or means of staying healthy.

4. to study - In the text, there is also the word "to learn" which has a similar meaning to "to study".

Example sentence: He learns math every day.

Explanation: In this sentence, the word "learns" means he studies or acquires knowledge in math regularly.

5. to get - In the text, we can find the word "to obtain" which has a similar meaning to "to get".

Example sentence: You can obtain a certificate after completing the course.

Explanation: In this sentence, the word "obtain" means to get or acquire something, in this case, a certificate.

6. a kind - In the text, we see the word "a type" which has a similar meaning to "a kind".

Example sentence: There are different types of cars.

Explanation: In this sentence, the phrase "different types" means different kinds or categories of cars.

7. to talk - In the text, we can find the word "to communicate" which has a similar meaning to "to talk".

Example sentence: We need to communicate our ideas effectively.

Explanation: In this sentence, the word "communicate" means to talk or share ideas with others in a clear and efficient manner.

8. data - In the text, we see the word "information" which has a similar meaning to "data".

Example sentence: The scientist gathered a lot of information for his research.

Explanation: In this sentence, the word "information" can be used as a synonym for "data", representing collected facts or details.

9. various - In the text, we can find the word "different" which has a similar meaning to "various".

Example sentence: I have different books on various topics.

Explanation: In this sentence, the word "different" is used to describe books that cover various or diverse subjects.

10. to be responsible for - In the text, we see the phrase "to take care of" which has a similar meaning to "to be responsible for".

Example sentence: She takes care of her younger sister.

Explanation: In this sentence, the phrase "takes care of" means being responsible for the well-being or needs of her younger sister.

11. a diploma - In the text, we can find the word "a certificate" which has a similar meaning to "a diploma".

Example sentence: She received a certificate of completion for the course.

Explanation: In this sentence, the word "certificate" is used to refer to a written document that serves as proof or recognition of completing a course or program, similar to a diploma.

12. to want - In the text, we see the word "to desire" which has a similar meaning to "to want".

Example sentence: He desires to travel the world.

Explanation: In this sentence, the word "desires" means wants or wishes to travel the world.

13. to continue - In the text, we can find the word "to keep going" which has a similar meaning to "to continue".

Example sentence: They keep going with their plans despite the challenges.

Explanation: In this sentence, the phrase "keep going" means to continue moving forward or progressing with their plans.

b) To find words in the text whose meanings are opposite to the meanings of the following words:

1. informal - In the text, we can find the word "formal" which has an opposite meaning to "informal".

Example sentence: Please dress formally for the event.

Explanation: In this sentence, the word "formally" means in a formal or proper manner, contrasting with the word "informal" which means casual or relaxed.

2. narrow - In the text, there is the word "wide" which has an opposite meaning to "narrow".

Example sentence: The road is wide enough for two cars to pass.

Explanation: In this sentence, the word "wide" means having a large distance or width, opposite to the word "narrow" which means having a small distance or width.

3. bad - In the text, we see the word "good" which has an opposite meaning to "bad".

Example sentence: She is a good student, always completing her assignments on time.

Explanation: In this sentence, the word "good" means possessing positive qualities or being exemplary, contrasting with the word "bad" which means having negative qualities or being of poor quality.

4. different - In the text, we can find the word "same" which has an opposite meaning to "different".

Example sentence: They all have the same opinion about the movie.

Explanation: In this sentence, the word "same" means having an identical or equal opinion, contrasting with the word "different" which means not being identical or equal.

5. the beginning - In the text, there is the word "the end" which has an opposite meaning to "the beginning".

Example sentence: They celebrated the end of the school year with a party.

Explanation: In this sentence, the phrase "the end" means the conclusion or final part, contrasting with the word "the beginning" which means the start or initial part.

6. old - In the text, we see the word "new" which has an opposite meaning to "old".

Example sentence: She received a new bike for her birthday.

Explanation: In this sentence, the word "new" means recently acquired or recently made, contrasting with the word "old" which means having existed or been in use for a long time.

7. to give up - In the text, we can find the phrase "to persevere" which has an opposite meaning to "to give up".

Example sentence: Despite the challenges, they persevered and achieved their goals.

Explanation: In this sentence, the word "persevered" means to continue trying or making efforts, contrasting with the phrase "give up" which means to stop trying or making efforts.

8. small - In the text, we see the word "big" which has an opposite meaning to "small".

Example sentence: The elephant is a big animal.

Explanation: In this sentence, the word "big" means having great size or magnitude, contrasting with the word "small" which means of limited size or magnitude.

9. before - In the text, we can find the word "after" which has an opposite meaning to "before".

Example sentence: They had dinner after watching a movie.

Explanation: In this sentence, the word "after" means following in time or sequence, contrasting with the word "before" which means preceding in time or sequence.

c) To replace the words in italics with words with similar and opposite meanings:

1. This road is rather broad. -> This road is quite wide.

Explanation: The word "rather" means quite or to a certain extent, similar to the word "quite". The word "broad" means wide, so we can replace it with the word "wide".

2. They study different subjects. -> They study various subjects.

Explanation: The word "different" means not the same, similar to the word "various". Both words indicate a variety or diversity of subjects.

3. They want to continue their education. -> They desire to keep going with their education.

Explanation: The word "want" means to desire or wish for, similar to the word "desire". The word "continue" means to keep going or proceed, similar to the phrase "keep going".

4. The children are eating with good manners. -> The children are eating politely.

Explanation: The word "manners" refers to the behavior or conduct, similar to the word "polite" which describes courteous or well-mannered behavior.

5. They were reading the text at the beginning of the lesson. -> They were reading the text at the start of the lesson.

Explanation: The word "beginning" refers to the start or initial part, similar to the word "start". Both words indicate the early part of the lesson.