Ex.11. Add an appropriate preposition to each of the following sentences where indicated.

Organizational controls
An organization can best achieve its objectives when its members require a minimum ... supervision because they are competent and goal-oriented. Nevertheless, even ... optimal conditions of individual commitment and self-control, organizations need formal controls. The control function of organizations consists ... the following:

1.Establishing standards ... which all aspects of organizational life are evaluated.

Most organizations have formal standards relating ... spending, production, sales, product quality, safety, inventory, personnel selection, acceptable employee behavior, and so forth.

2. Establishing feedback system by which actual performance is compared ... predetermined standards.

These are best exemplified ... management reports which show, often ... a daily basis, expected and actual performance.

3. Taking appropriate action to ensure that substandard performance is improved and that standards will be met ... the future.

It is common practice to refer ... the standards and feedback systems as controls although it should be obvious that they serve a control function only if managerial action is involved. They are not a substitute ... supervision, but they minimize requirements for personal supervision.

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