Continue the following statements.

1. The British system of units, the metric system of units and the nternational system of units (SI) are ...

2. Everyone who knows arithmetic can ...

3. Before the introduction of the metric system ...

4. The conversion to higher quantity in a metric system is done ...

5. In 1791 the French Academy of Science decided ...

6. The two French scientists took this distance ...

7. Metre was also used to measure ...

8. The main advantage of the metric system is ...

9. The unit of mass was defined ...

10. The SI system is derived ...
Вот текст:
Physics measures such physical quantities as time, length, mass, density, velocity, area, volume, temperature and energy. Different units of length and mass exist. Nearly all of them are interrelated. Nowadays, three main systems of measurement are widely used: the British system of unity, the metric system of units and the International system of units (SI).

With a few exceptions, all the nations of the world use the metric system. It is so easy that anyone who knows arithmetic can learn it quickly. Before the introduction of the metric system (metre-kilogram-second), the British foot- pound- second system was widely used. But the latter system (which is still in use in Great Britain and the USA) was very complicated and caused serious difficulties in the intemationa1 trade. For example, in the British system 1 mile is equal to 1760 yards, 1 yard - to feet and 1 foot- to 12 inches. This means that it's very difficult to convert units. But in the metric system each unit is а multiple of the following lower unit by ten. Therefore, the conversion to a higher quantity is done by moving the decimal point to the right to the required number of p1aces, and vice versa.

The idea of decimal system was realised only at the end of the 18th century. In 1791, the French Academy of Science decided that the standard of length should be one ten-rnillionth part of the distance from the Equator to the North Pole. The two French scientists charged with the task took this distance on a line running through Paris and divided it into 10 000 000 equal parts. They called one of the parts a metre ('measure'), which became the main unit. Metre was also used to measure area and volume. Thus а square metre and a cublc metre appeared.

The main advantage of the system is that for shorter measurements the metre is divided by ten, so a decima1 system was used. Shorter units had Latin preftxes and longer ones - Greek preftxes. So, 'millimetre' is Latin for 'a thousandth part of a metre' and 'kilometre' is Greek for 'a thousand metres'
As for the unit of mass, it was defined as the mass of a cublc centimeter of water at the temperature of 4 ·с (the temperature of its maximum density). As we know, the name of this unit is gramm.
The SI units is derived from the metric system and was internationally accepted in 1960. Besides metre (m), kilogram (kg) and second (s), its basic units are Kelwin (К), ampere (а), mole (mol), and candle (cd). This system was introduced in our country in the 1960s and every day we measure things by the units from this system.

Ответы

1220051404 14.01.2024 19:00

1. The British system of units, the metric system of units, and the International system of units (SI) are three main systems of measurement used worldwide. The British system is still used in Great Britain and the USA, while the metric system and SI system are used in nearly all other nations.

2. Everyone who knows arithmetic can quickly learn the metric system because it is easy to understand. This is because each unit is a multiple of the previous unit by ten, making conversions simple by moving the decimal point to the right or left.

For example, to convert from meters to kilometers, we move the decimal point three places to the left. 1 meter is equal to 0.001 kilometers.

3. Before the introduction of the metric system, the British foot-pound-second system was widely used. However, this system was complicated and caused difficulties in international trade. Converting units in the British system was challenging due to the complex relationships between different units.

For example, 1 mile is equal to 1760 yards, 1 yard is equal to 3 feet, and 1 foot is equal to 12 inches. Calculating conversions between these units was time-consuming and prone to errors.

4. In the metric system, converting to higher quantities is done by moving the decimal point to the right. This is because each unit is a multiple of the previous one by ten.

For example, to convert from millimeters to centimeters, we move the decimal point one place to the right. 1 millimeter is equal to 0.1 centimeters.

5. In 1791, the French Academy of Science decided that the standard unit of length should be one ten-millionth part of the distance from the Equator to the North Pole. The two French scientists assigned the task divided this distance into 10,000,000 equal parts and called one of the parts a meter.

6. The two French scientists took the distance from the Equator to the North Pole and divided it into 10,000,000 equal parts. One of these parts was called a meter, which became the main unit of length.

7. The meter was not only used to measure length but also area and volume. This led to the introduction of square meter and cubic meter as units of measurement.

8. The main advantage of the metric system is its simplicity and ease of use. Each unit is a multiple of the previous one by ten, making conversions straightforward. Additionally, metric units have standardized prefixes, such as milli- and kilo-, which indicate divisions or multiples of the base unit.

9. The unit of mass, the gram, was defined as the mass of a cubic centimeter of water at the temperature of 4 °C, which is the temperature of its maximum density.

10. The International System of Units (SI) is derived from the metric system and was internationally accepted in 1960. In addition to the meter, kilogram, and second, the basic units of the SI system include the Kelvin, Ampere, Mole, and Candela. The SI system was introduced in our country in the 1960s and is widely used for scientific and everyday measurements.

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