Complete these dialogues with the present perfect or past simple form of these verbs.1 ‘ you ever up a skyscraper? ’ ‘yes, i up the willis tower in chicago. it stunning.’5 i arrived at the bus stop half an hour ago and i’m still waiting for the bus! for half an hour.4 find and correct the mistakes. there are three incorrect sentences.1 the temperature today has been falling by five degrees. it’s freezing! 2 life has become very difficult for those living in the city because of traffic.3 according to some experts, our quality of life has been getting steadily worse over the last few years.4 the residents have been waiting for a new eco-friendly plan since many years.5 my parents have moved to a semi-detached house two years ago.6 some people think that megacities have had a negative impact on the environment.5 choose the best answers to complete the text. be (×4) • go • grow • hear • increase • live • reach • see 2 ‘ youindian restaurant in town? ’‘yes, i there twice! ’3 ‘i the new exhibition at the contemporary art museum last weekend.’‘really? what’s it like? there discussion about it on social media.’about the new a lot ofthe number of children in japan (1) dramaticallyin recent years. in 2015, the number of children aged 15 and under (2) 16.17 million, about 13% of the population. as a consequence, the percentage of people aged 65 or over (3) a record high, making up over 25% of the population. according to the internal affairs and communications ministry, the number of children (4) so low (5) records began in 1950, when the ministry first started publishing these statistics. in 1950, children (6) up 35% of the population,or about one in three japanese. but then the number (7) to decline steadily, except during the baby boom in the 1970s. statistics show that the number of children (8) by more than 13 million (9) 1950! tokyo is the only city where there (10) an increase in the number of children over the last years – up by 14,000, the ministry said.4 ‘how much the world population in the last decade? ’‘i’m not sure. i know it seven billion in 2012.’5 ‘where you up? ‘in this area. in the same house where i all my life.’

1. 'Have you ever been up a skyscraper?' 'Yes, I have been up the Willis Tower in Chicago. It was stunning.'
Explanation: The present perfect is used to talk about experiences or actions that have happened at an unspecified time before now.
Step 1: Identify the question. The question is asking about a past experience of going up a skyscraper.
Step 2: Choose the correct form of the verb. The verb 'be' should be in the present perfect form 'have been' to match the tense of the question.
Step 3: Provide additional information. The speaker mentions going up the Willis Tower in Chicago and describes it as stunning.

2. 'I arrived at the bus stop half an hour ago and I’m still waiting for the bus! I have been waiting for half an hour.'
Explanation: The present perfect is used to talk about an action that started in the past and continues in the present.
Step 1: Identify the action. The speaker arrived at the bus stop.
Step 2: Determine the duration of the action. The speaker has been waiting for half an hour.
Step 3: Choose the correct form of the verb. The verb 'wait' should be in the present perfect form 'have been waiting' to show the ongoing action.

3. Find and correct the mistakes. There are three incorrect sentences.
1. The sentence 'The temperature today has been falling by five degrees. It’s freezing!' is correct. It uses the present perfect continuous tense to talk about the current state resulting from a past action.
2. The sentence 'Life has become very difficult for those living in the city because of traffic.' is correct. It uses the present perfect tense to talk about a past action with a present result.
3. The sentence 'According to some experts, our quality of life has been getting steadily worse over the last few years.' is correct. It uses the present perfect continuous tense to talk about a continuous action in the past.

4. The sentence 'The residents have been waiting for a new eco-friendly plan since many years.' is incorrect.
Correction: The residents have been waiting for a new eco-friendly plan for many years.
Explanation: The present perfect tense is used to talk about an action that started in the past and continues in the present. The correct preposition to use with 'since' is 'for' when indicating a duration of time.

5. The sentence 'My parents have moved to a semi-detached house two years ago.' is incorrect.
Correction: My parents moved to a semi-detached house two years ago.
Explanation: The past simple tense is used to talk about a completed action in the past. Since the time reference 'two years ago' is given, the present perfect tense is not required.

6. The sentence 'Some people think that megacities have had a negative impact on the environment.' is correct. It uses the present perfect tense to talk about a past action with a present result.

7. 'Have you seen an Indian restaurant in town?' 'Yes, I have been there twice!'
Explanation: The present perfect is used to talk about past experiences or actions that have a connection to the present.
Step 1: Identify the question. The question is asking about past experiences of seeing an Indian restaurant in town.
Step 2: Choose the correct form of the verb. The verb 'be' should be in the present perfect form 'have been' to match the tense of the question.
Step 3: Provide additional information. The speaker mentions going to the Indian restaurant twice.

8. 'I saw the new exhibition at the contemporary art museum last weekend.' 'Really? What’s it like? There has been a lot of discussion about it on social media.'
Explanation: The present perfect is used to talk about actions or states that started in the past and have a connection to the present.
Step 1: Identify the action. The speaker saw the new exhibition last weekend.
Step 2: Choose the correct form of the verb. The verb 'be' should be in the present perfect form 'has been' to talk about the ongoing discussion on social media.
Step 3: Provide additional information. The speaker mentions that there has been a lot of discussion about the exhibition on social media.

9. The number of children in Japan has been growing dramatically in recent years.
Explanation: The present perfect continuous is used to talk about a continuous action or state that started in the past and continues up to the present.
Step 1: Identify the action. The number of children in Japan has been growing.
Step 2: Choose the correct form of the verb. The verb 'grow' should be in the present perfect continuous form 'has been growing' to indicate the ongoing growth.
Step 3: Provide additional information. The speaker mentions that the growth has been dramatic in recent years.

10. The number of children aged 15 and under was 16.17 million in 2015, about 13% of the population.
Explanation: The past simple tense is used to talk about completed actions in the past.
Step 1: Identify the action. The number of children aged 15 and under was a specific number in 2015.
Step 2: Choose the correct form of the verb. The verb 'be' should be in the past simple form 'was' to indicate the specific number at a particular time.
Step 3: Provide additional information. The speaker mentions the percentage of the population and the year.

11. The percentage of people aged 65 or over reached a record high, making up over 25% of the population.
Explanation: The past simple tense is used to talk about completed actions in the past.
Step 1: Identify the action. The percentage of people aged 65 or over reached a record high.
Step 2: Choose the correct form of the verb. The verb 'reach' should be in the past simple form 'reached' to indicate the action of reaching a specific level.
Step 3: Provide additional information. The speaker mentions the specific level reached and the impact on the population.

12. The number of children has been so low since records began in 1950 when the ministry first started publishing these statistics.
Explanation: The present perfect continuous is used to talk about a continuous action or state that started in the past and continues up to the present.
Step 1: Identify the action. The number of children has been low since records began in 1950.
Step 2: Choose the correct form of the verb. The verb 'be' should be in the present perfect continuous form 'has been' to indicate the ongoing low number.
Step 3: Provide additional information. The speaker mentions the starting year of recording statistics.

13. The number of children made up 35% of the population in 1950.
Explanation: The past simple tense is used to talk about completed actions in the past.
Step 1: Identify the action. The number of children made up a specific percentage of the population in 1950.
Step 2: Choose the correct form of the verb. The verb 'make up' should be in the past simple form 'made up' to indicate the action of constituting a specific percentage.
Step 3: Provide additional information. The speaker mentions the specific percentage and the year.

14. But then the number started to decline steadily, except during the baby boom in the 1970s.
Explanation: The past simple tense is used to talk about completed actions in the past.
Step 1: Identify the action. The number started to decline.
Step 2: Choose the correct form of the verb. The verb 'start' should be in the past simple form 'started' to indicate the action of beginning a decline.
Step 3: Provide additional information. The speaker mentions the steady decline and the exception during the baby boom in the 1970s.

15. The number has decreased by more than 13 million since 1950!
Explanation: The present perfect tense is used to talk about an action that started in the past and continues in the present.
Step 1: Identify the action. The number has decreased.
Step 2: Choose the correct form of the verb. The verb 'decrease' should be in the present perfect form 'has decreased' to show the ongoing decrease.
Step 3: Provide additional information. The speaker mentions the amount of decrease since 1950.

16. Tokyo is the only city where there has been an increase in the number of children over the last few years – up by 14,000, the ministry said.
Explanation: The present perfect continuous is used to talk about a continuous action or state that started in the past and continues up to the present.
Step 1: Identify the action. The number of children has been increasing.
Step 2: Choose the correct form of the verb. The verb 'increase' should be in the present perfect continuous form 'has been increasing' to indicate the ongoing increase.
Step 3: Provide additional information. The speaker mentions the specific city where the increase has occurred and the amount of increase provided by the ministry.

17. 'How much has the world population increased in the last decade?' 'I’m not sure. I know it was seven billion in 2012.'
Explanation: The past simple tense is used to talk about completed actions in the past.
Step 1: Identify the question. The question is asking about the increase in the world population in the last decade.
Step 2: Choose the correct form of the verb. The verb 'be' should be in the past simple form 'was' to indicate the specific number in 2012.
Step 3: Provide additional information. The speaker mentions the specific number in 2012 and the uncertainty about the recent increase.

18. 'Where did you grow up?' 'In this area. In the same house where I have lived all my life.'
Explanation: The past simple tense is used to talk about completed actions in the past.
Step 1: Identify the question. The question is asking about the location where the speaker grew up.
Step 2: Choose the correct form of the verb. The verb 'live' should be in the present perfect form 'have lived' to indicate the ongoing action of living in the same house.
Step 3: Provide additional information. The speaker mentions growing up in the same area and living in the same house for their entire life.