4 1 Study the modal forms in blue in sentences 1-4. Then answer questions a and b. 1 She must have had a healthy lifestyle. She lived until she was a hundred. 2 He can't have done a lot of exercise. He isn't very fit. 3 She could have given up eating so much junk food. She's lost a lot of weight. 4 My grandad might have smoked when he was young. More people smoked in those days. a Which of the past modal verbs • expresses a strong probability that something is true? • expresses a strong probability that something is not true? • expresses a possibility that something is true? b When we speculate about the past, we make sentences with a modal verb + + past participle of the main verb.

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