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1. Construction of railroads in the second half of the 20-th century developed fast due to the requirements of new rapid transit rail lines.
2. Railroads shifted to the new types of traction.
3. Railroads are working in intense competition with other modes of transportation.
4. The use of long welded rails is very important for the better riding of vehicles and durability of track.
5. France was the first country to design a completely new electrification program.
6. By 1990, only a small number of European main line rail routes were still using diesel traction.
7. In China, India and Russia railroads still remain the major carrier of both people and loads.
8. Building of new railroads for fast passenger trains was started by Japan.
9. Since the opening of the Tokyo — Osaka main line in 1964, the maximum speeds of Shinkansen trains have been raised from 130 mph to Ill mph.
10. The first French TGV high-speed line was the result of more than two decades of scientific investigation.
1 I. The new German high-speed lines are engineered to transport both people and load.
12. After some financial disagreement and solving hard geological problems, Italy founded an international company to build the north and south extensions of the existing fast intercity railroad system.