Задайте вопросы к предложениям в скобках. Первое я сделал. (In 1948 revolutionary concept was introduced to the electronic world: a transistor was invented, a crystal which amplified was announced.) Nothing like this had happened in electronics since the discovery of the triode vacuum tube in 1907. (Some years later the crystal detectors of the wireless era were replaced by radio tubes.) Now a crystal amplifier, the transistor, challenges the vacuum tube because transistors are smaller, simpler, more efficient and longer lived. (In hearing aids tubes have already been replaced by transistors with unheard-of battery economy.) Moreover, many transistor circuits have fewer components than the vacuum tube circuits, such as multivibrators. (For example, in switching circuits, such as multivibrators, the work of two triode tubes will be done by one point-contact transistor.) The transistor is a current-operated device, whereas the vacuum tube is a voltage-operated device. (The transistor is designed to become a relatively low-voltage, low current device. Electron tubes will shortly be replaced by transistors in communication equipment, computers, radio and television receivers.)

1. What revolutionary concept was introduced to electronic world in 1948?
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