XXIII. Read the text and ask 5 questions on the text. Graduate Education
American universities offer three main categories of graduate degrees. In most
fields of specialization, a master's degree can be earned by one or two academic
years of study beyond the bachelor's degree. A Ph.D. degree (doctor of philosophy)
usually takes at least three years beyond the master's. To earn a Ph. D. in almost
any field, generally a student must pass oral and written examinations in his or
her specialty, produce a long research paper which makes an original contribution
to his or her field of study, and pass reading examinations in one or two foreign
languages.