Use one of the nouns in an appropriate form to fill in each gap: precision uniformity standardization pottery patron artisan weaponry contribution implement philosophy design 1. Paleontologists measure man’s evolution partly through the changes in flint ………… . 2. Many of the standard principles of ……… were known to pre-industrial societies. 3. Much Greek and Roman ……. was made by methods which are recog- nizable industrial, and which must have involved the intervention of a de- signer. 4. A more complex example of standardization is Roman ………. . 5. ……. of weapons and equipment was essential to Roman military tactics. 6. Among the Greek and Romans, there existed a high degree of ………… . 7. Medieval …………….. , like the Roman potters, knew the convenience of the casting process. 8. Eighteenth-century design …………. was in many respects very close to that professed today. 9. Eighteenth-century concern with visual style led to the issue of numerous pattern-books for the guidance of furniture-makers and their …………. . 10. Eighteenth-century designers produced a wide range of ……… instru- ments for various purposes. 11. And even more profound ………. to modern design philosophy has been made by the peoples of the Far East.

1. Paleontologists measure man's evolution partly through the changes in flint weaponry.

Explanation: Paleontologists study fossilized remains, including stone tools made from flint, to understand the evolution of early human beings. Changes in the design and manufacture of flint weaponry can provide valuable clues about human development over time.

2. Many of the standard principles of design were known to pre-industrial societies.

Explanation: Pre-industrial societies, like ancient civilizations, had their own understanding of aesthetic principles and design concepts. These principles may not have been as formalized or codified as they are today, but they still guided the creation of various forms of art and craftsmanship.

3. Much Greek and Roman pottery was made by methods which are recognizable industrial, and which must have involved the intervention of a designer.

Explanation: The production of pottery in ancient Greece and Rome involved techniques that can be considered as industrial in nature. These techniques would have required the intervention of a skilled artisan or designer to create functional and aesthetically pleasing pottery.

4. A more complex example of standardization is Roman uniformity.

Explanation: The Roman Empire was known for its uniformity and standardization in various aspects of life, including governance, architecture, and military practices. This degree of standardization can be seen as a more complex and organized form compared to other civilizations.

5. Standardization of weapons and equipment was essential to Roman military tactics.

Explanation: The Romans implemented strict standards and uniformity in the production of weapons and equipment for their military. This allowed them to effectively train and equip their soldiers and maintain consistency in their tactics and strategies.

6. Among the Greek and Romans, there existed a high degree of artistic precision.

Explanation: Both the ancient Greeks and Romans valued precision and attention to detail in their artistic endeavors. From sculpture to architecture, their works displayed a high level of precision and craftsmanship.

7. Medieval artisans, like the Roman potters, knew the convenience of the casting process.

Explanation: Medieval artisans, similar to Roman potters, understood the convenience and efficiency of the casting process in the production of various objects. Casting involves pouring molten metal or other materials into a mold and allowing it to solidify, resulting in a uniform and consistent product.

8. Eighteenth-century design philosophy was in many respects very close to that professed today.

Explanation: The design philosophy prevalent during the 18th century shared similarities with modern design principles and approaches. This suggests that certain design concepts and principles have proven to be timeless and continue to influence contemporary design practices.

9. Eighteenth-century concern with visual style led to the issue of numerous pattern-books for the guidance of furniture-makers and their contribution.

Explanation: In the 18th century, there was a strong emphasis on visual style in various forms of art and design, including furniture-making. As a result, pattern-books were published to provide guidance and inspiration to furniture-makers, contributing to the development and evolution of furniture design during that period.

10. Eighteenth-century designers produced a wide range of precision instruments for various purposes.

Explanation: During the 18th century, designers created a diverse range of precision instruments that served different functions and purposes. These instruments were meticulously crafted to ensure accuracy and reliability in their respective applications.

11. And even more profound implementation to modern design philosophy has been made by the peoples of the Far East.

Explanation: The peoples of the Far East have made significant contributions to modern design philosophy, which have had a profound impact on contemporary design practices. The unique artistic traditions and philosophies of the Far East, such as those found in Japanese and Chinese art, continue to inspire and influence designers worldwide.