Study the modal forms in blue in sentences 1-4. Then answer questions a and b. 1 She must have had a healthy lifestyle. She lived until she was a hundred.
2 He can't have done a lot of exercise. He isn't very fit.
3 She could have given up eating so much junk food. She's lost a lot of weight.
4 My grandad might have smoked when he was young. More people smoked in those days.

a) Which of the past modal verbs
• expresses a strong probability that something is true?
• expresses a strong probability that something is not true?
• expresses a possibility that something is true?

b) When we speculate about the past, we make sentences with a modal verb +___+ past participle of the main verb.

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