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In the Middle Ages, such scientists as Al-Farabi, Yu. Balasaguni, A. Yassawi, M. Haydar Dulati, K. Jalairi worked in the territory of modern Kazakhstan.
In the late XVII - early XVIII century, scientists from Russia and a number of European countries began to explore the territory of Kazakhstan, to study the history, culture, way of life and customs of its population. One of the first was the Russian cartographer S. U. Remezov. After Kazakhstan joined Russia, scientific research was conducted more widely and intensively. The Russian Academy of Sciences organized in 1733 an expedition to study the geography, geology and ethnography of Kazakhstan. From 1733 to 1771 many scientific academies visited Kazakhstan: SP Krasheninnikov, IG Gmelin, II Lepekhin, PS Pallas, IP Falk, PI Rychkov, and others.
In the XIX century, Russian and Kazakh scientists-orientalists contributed to the science of Kazakhstan: P. P. Semenov-Tien-Shansky, N. P. Rychkov, P. M. Melioransky, V. V. Radlov, V. V. Bartold, A. A. Divaev, Sh. C. Ualikhanov, A. Kunanbaev, Y. Altynsarin and others.
The first fundamental work on the history of the Kazakhs "Description of Kyrgyz-Kazakh, or Kirghiz-Kaisatsky, hordes and steppes" (1832) was created by AI Levshin, whom Valikhanov named Herodotus of the Kazakh people, and estimated his monograph as an invaluable scientific asset.
At the beginning of the 20th century, most Kazakh children had the opportunity to study only in aul madrasas. On the eve of 1916 on the territory of Kazakhstan there were only a few Russian and Russian-Kazakh schools, 19370 Kazakh children were studying there.
Since the beginning of the 20th century, scientific organizations have opened up, such as the Regional Plant Protection Station (1924), the Research Institute of Fertilizers and Agronomic Soil Science (1926). The branches of the Main Geological Committee of the city of Almaty and the Institute of Non-Ferrous Metals began to operate. In 1927, the Kazakhstan expedition of the USSR Academy of Sciences for the comprehensive study of the republic's natural resources, headed by Academician AE Fersman, was formed.
By 1932 there were more than 10 scientific research institutes and experimental stations, hundreds of strong points, laboratories and meteorological stations, and several geological exploration organizations.
March 8, 1932 formed the Kazakh base of the USSR Academy of Sciences. Here the sectors of zoology and botany worked.
In 1940, the Kazakh branch of the All-Union Academy of Agricultural Sciences (VASKHNIL)
During the Great Patriotic War, many scientific institutions and higher educational institutions of the country were evacuated to the republic. The scientists known to the whole world worked here: IP Bardin, LS Berg, VI Vernadsky, NF Gamaleya, II Meshchaninov, ND Zelinsky, LI Mandelstam, N V. Tsitsin, S. G. Strumilin, A. M. Pankratova, A. E. Favorsky, S. E. Malov, V. G. Fesenkov, G. A. Tikhov, B. A. Vorontsov-Velyaminov and others. .
In 1942, the Institute of Astronomy and Physics, the Chemical and Metallurgical Institute [the source was not listed 1132 days], in 1943 - the Institute of Soil Science, Botany, Zoology and Tropical Diseases. In 1942-1945 the institutes of chemistry, metallurgy and mining, refractory and building materials, and zoology were established.
In 1945, the Institute of History, Archeology and Ethnography, Mining, Soil Science, and Mathematics and Mechanics began to work.
In 1946 the Academy of Sciences of the Kazakh SSR was established on the basis of the Kazakh branch of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR.
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