Составьте по 2-4 вопроса на каждый абзац: communication disorder is a speech and language disorder which refers to problems in communication and in related areas such as oral motor function. the delays and disorders can range from simple sound substitution to the inability to understand or use their native language. in general communica-tion disorders commonly refer to problems in speech (comprehension and/or expression) that significantly interfere with an individual's achievement and/or quality of life. persons who speak more than one language or are considered to have an accent in their location of residence do not have speech disorders if they are speaking in a manner consistent with their home environment or a blending of their home and foreign environment. communication disorders are usually first diagnosed in childhood or adolescence though they are not limited as childhood disorders and may persist into adulthood. they may also occur with other disorders (co-occurring disorders) . diagnosis involves testing and evaluation during which it is determined if the scores performance are substantially below" developmental expectations and if they "significantly" interfere with academic achievement, social interactions and daily living.this assessment may also determine if the characteristic is tions delayed . there are following communication disorders. language impairment "diagnosed based on language abilities that are below age expectations in one or more language domains. language impairment is likely to persist into adolescence and adulthood, although the symptoms, do- mains, and modalities involved may shift with age". late language emergence a delay in language onset with no other diagnosed disabilities or developmental delays in other cognitive or motor domains". specific language impairment language abilities are below age ex- pectations but non-linguistic developmental abilities are within age expectations. social communication disorder an impairment of pragmatics and is diagnosed based on difficulty in the social uses of verbal and nonverbal commu- nication in naturalistic contexts, which affects the development of social relationships and discourse comprehension and cannot be explained by low abilities in the domains of word structure and grammar or general cognitive ability . speech sound disorder formally phonological disorder . childhood onset fluency disorder formally stuttering . voice disorder "a voice disorder is diagnosed based on abnormal production and/or absence of vocal quality, pitch, loudness, resonance, and/or duration, which usually persists over time and is inappropriate for an individual's age or sex"

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