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recent years there have been many changes in it. Now the

Educational Reform Act has led to a compulsory National

Curriculum for pupils aged 5 to 16 in state schools. It consists of

English, Mathematics, Science, History, Geography and some other

subjects. The Act also aims to give parents a wide choice of schools

for their children. Non-selective comprehensive education is

available for children of all abilities, though 7% of children attend

private fee-paying schools, called public schools. The well-known

ones are Eton and Harrow. The education system in the UK is

divided into four main parts: primary education, secondary

education, further education and higher education. Children in the

UK have to attend primary and secondary education which runs

from about 5 years old till a student is 16. School starts in September

and finishes in late July. There are 3 terms, a two-week break

between terms and 6 weeks summer holidays. The most important

examination is the assessment at the age of 16 which is called GCSE

or General Certificate of Secondary Education. Once students get

their GCSEs, they have the choice whether to go to further education

or go into the working world. Pupils can continue studying for two

more years, concentrating on three main subjects, and then at 18 they

take the General Certificate of Education Advanced Level exams.

There is also a Certificate of Pre-Vocational Education, for those

staying at school from 16 till 17. Further education (FE) is the term

used to describe education and training that take place after the

school-leaving age of sixteen. FE takes place in colleges, of which

there are over 600 spread across the UK. These colleges provide

education and training services for the whole of the community that

they are part of. They will also run courses for people who are in

work and wish to continue their training. Students who are admitted

to English universities take part in ‘undergraduate studies’ which

leads to a bachelor’s degree in a main field of study. The most

common degrees are Bachelor of Arts (BA) and Bachelor of Science

(BSc), although there are others. As for PhD or Doctor of

Philosophy, it is the highest degree awarded to a person who has

completed at least three years of graduate study and a dissertation

approved by a board of professors. There exist also sandwich

courses which offer students work places for a short period of time

in a relevant industry before completing their studies. Taking a

sandwich course may make the degree last a year longer than

otherwise. Graduate study, conducted after obtaining an initial

degree, leads to a more advanced Master’s degree. The Oxbridge

universities (Oxford University and Cambridge University), which

are amongst the world's oldest universities, are generally ranked at

or near the top of all UK universities. These universities denote an

elite education. They consist of a number of colleges, each self-

governing and independent.

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