READING Read the text and write T for True, F for False or NM for Not Mentioned. The smoke signal is one of the oldest forms of communication that people used to communicate over long distances. It involves covering a fire so that different shapes and sizes of smoke clouds rise into the air The North American Indians are probably the most well-known users of smoke signals which often appear in Hollywood Western films with cowboys Each North American Indian tribe had their own system of signals. The fire was started using damp gress, but another thing that mattered was where it was lit If the fire was halfway up a hill, it meant everything was OK, but if the fire was on the top of the hill, this meant danger was near In ancient China soldiers were able to inform people about an attack by using smoke signals The Great Wall of China is a huge wall which spreads across the length of the country, and at certain points along the wall there are towers. By signalling from tower to tower, they could send messages as far away as 750 km in just a few hours Some smoke signals are very simple, like those of the Australian Abongines They used smoke signals when they entered land which was not theirs. This was simply to inform others that they were there A Greek historian called Polybius came up with a more complicated system of alphabetical smoke signals around 150 BCE. He invented a system of turning Greek letters into numbers Soldiers could then use different sets of torches to signal numbers that the other side would translate back into letters. The Yangan people who lived on the islands south of South America also used smoke signals When a whale got stuck on a beach, they needed to tell others that there was a lot of meat there and it shouldn't oo to waste So they used smoke sionals to inform pennie

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