Reading comprehension moscow and its kremlin have a long history. 1. what is the symbol of russia and moscow? write out the sentence which is the answer to the question the old part of moscow is the kremlin. this is the main tourist attraction in moscow. the kremlin stands at the heart of the city. the word “kremlin” means “fortress”, and the moscow kremlin used to be a fortress. in 1156 a small settlement of moscow was surrounded by a wooden wall, and became a kremlin. the town and the kremlin were burnt in 1237 and 1293 during the tatar invasion, but they were rebuilt. in 1367 prince dmitry donskoy built a white-stone wall around the kremlin. later the kremlin was surrounded by a new red-brick wall. 20 towers of the kremlin wall were built in the end of the 17th century for decoration. five of the towers were gates. the tainitskaya tower had a secret passage to the moskvariver. the spasskaya tower is the symbol of russia and moscow. it has a famous clock. there is the bell tower of ivan the great, the uspensky cathedral and a famous group of churches. the uspensky cathedral is the largest one. it was built in 1479; russian tsars and emperors were crowned there. in the archangel cathedral one can see tombs of ivan the terrible, his sons ivan and fyodor. blagoveschensky cathedral was built in 1484. it is noted for its frescoes by andrei rublyov and his pupils. granovitayapalata is another masterpiece inside the kremlin wall. moscow tsars held magnificent receptions in honour of foreign ambassadors there. the tsar cannon (16th century) and the tsar bell attract crowds of tourists as well. outside the kremlin wall there is a famous red square. tourists can have a look at the magnificent cathedral of vasily the blessed, the lenin mausoleum and the monument to k. minin and d. pozharsky. 2. choose the correct statement a) the old part of moscow is the kremlin. b) the old part of moscow is the red square. a) a small settlement of moscow was surrounded by a stone wall. b) a small settlement of moscow was surrounded by a wooden wall. 3. a) the towers of the kremlin wall were built for decoration. b) the towers of the kremlin wall were built as a defense from the enemy. 4. a) the tainitskaya tower is the symbol of russia and moscow. b) the spasskaya tower is the symbol of russia and moscow. 5. a) inside the kremlin wall there is a famous red square. b) outside the kremlin wall there is a famous red square. cultural awareness what do you know about world famous places of interest? choose the correct answer 1. a) london was started as a fortress by the romans. b) london was started by the romans as their northern capital. 2. a) westminster abby is a beautiful church. b) westminster abby is part of the houses of parliament. 3. a) the metropoltian museum is a famous museum in london. b) the metropoltian museum is a famous museum in new york city. 4. a) the tower of london was founded by william the conqueror. b) the tower of london was founded by the romans. 5. a) the statue of liberty was given to the usa by france. b) the statue of liberty was given to the usa by britain.

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