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The United Kingdom of Great Britain

and Northern Ireland

To the west of the continent of Europe lie two large islands. The

larger of them is called Great Britain, and the smaller, Ireland. These

two and 5,500 smaller islands form the British Isles.The island of Great Britain consists of England, Scotland and Wales.

The isle of Ireland is divided into Northern Ireland and the Irish Re-

public. England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland form the Unit-

ed Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. The UK (the United

Kingdom) is the official name of the country, occasionally referred to

as Great Britain, which is, strictly speaking, only a geographic name.

Great Britain is washed by the Atlantic Ocean and the Irish Sea

from the west, by the North Sea from the north and west. It is separated

from the European continent by the English Channel. The narrowest

part of the English Channel is called the Strait of Dover. The UK is not

a very large country. Its territory is about 244,000 square kilometers,

and no point of the country is more than 120 kilometers away from

the sea.

At the same time, the population of the UK is the third largest in

Europe, comprising about 60 million people. It is incorrect to call ev-

erybody who lives in the United Kingdom “English”, as this is the

name only for those who live in England. The residents of Wales are

named Welsh, while the people of Scotland are called Scottish. The

correct common name for English, Scottish and Welsh is British. Those

who live in Northern Ireland are called Irish.

The climate of the British Isles is generally mild; it is seldom cold

in winter and never too hot in summer. This is due to the warm

current of the Atlantic Ocean, Gulf Stream. Britain was always known

as the country of fogs, but now it is not quite so because of the

climatic changes: there is maybe less fog than in any other European

country.

There are no high mountains and long rivers in the UK. The highest

mountain is Ben Nevis in the Highlands of Scotland, and the longest

rivers are the Severn and the Thames.

Geographically, the UK has a very convenient position, being locat-

ed on the crossroads from Europe to America. This is one of the rea-

sons why Britain was (and is up to the present time) one of the leading

world powers. The capital of the country is London. It is situated on the

river Thames.

Britain has an ancient and glorious history. It used to be the great

empire “where the sun never sets”. It gave the world many famous

scientists, writers, political leaders and explorers, such as Newton, Dar-

win, Drake, Shakespeare, Churchill and others.

For centuries monarchs ruled Britain. The constitutional monarchy

is still preserved in the country, though it is practically no more than a

tradition and a tribute to the past. Queen Elisabeth II is Head of State.

Her power is limited by the parliament, which is elected every four

years. The leader of the party that has won the majority during the

elections becomes the Prime Minister. In fact, he becomes the head of

state and forms the Cabinet. The second largest party forms the official
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Legodgidai    3   13.05.2020 15:48    4