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The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is the official name of the British Kingdom. It is situated on the British Isles. The British Isles consist of two large islands, Great Britain and Ireland, and about five thousand small islands. Their total area is over 244, 000 square kilometers. Many years ago the British Isles formed a part of the continent. Now Great Britain is separated from the continent by the English Channel and the North Sea. The narrowest part of the English Channel is called the Strait of Dover. The UK is made up of four countries. They are England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. Their capitals are London, Cardiff, Edinburgh and Belfast. The capital of the UK is London. Great Britain consists of England, Scotland and Wales and does not include Northern Ireland. The UK is washed by the Atlantic Ocean in the north and the North Sea in the east. The two islands are separated by the Irish Sea. The surface of the British Isles varies very much. The north of Scotland is mountainous. It's called the Highlands. Ben Nevis in Scotland is the highest mountain (1343 m). The south of Scotland has beautiful valleys and plains. It is called the Lowlands. Scotland is a land of famous lakes. They are called "lochs" there. The beautiful Loch Lomond is the largest one. Loch Ness attracts millions of tourists by its legendary monster. The north and west of England are mountainous. Mountains aren't very high. The east, centre and south-east of England is a vast plain. There are a lot of rivers in Great Britain, but they aren't very long. The largest of them are the Severn (350 km), the Clyde, the Mersey, the Thames (346 km), the Trent (274 km) and the Ouse. The Thames is the deepest river. London stands on the Thames. The climate of Great Britain is temperate and mild. The warm waters of the Gulf Stream influence the climate of the British Isles. The population of the UK is over 57 million people. The UK is a highly developed industrial country. It is the largest producer and exporter of machinery, electronics, textile, aircraft and navigation equipment. One of the chief industries of the country is shipbuilding. The UK is a parliamentary democracy with a constitutional monarch. The Queen is the Head of State, but she has no power. Queen is a symbol of the history of the country and its traditions. The real power in the country belongs to the British Parliament and the British Government. The British Parliament has two “chambers”. This is the House of Lords and the House of Commons. The House of Lords may propose and amend laws. She may delay the adoption of laws. The House of Commons adopts laws on country policies, taxes, and more. Members of the House of Lords are not elected. These members are permanent. Members of the House of Commons are elected. The people of Great Britain elect 650 members of the House of Commons every five years. There are three main political parties in the UK. This is a labor, conservative and liberal party. The flag of Great Britain is known as the Union Jack. It consists of three crosses: the cross of St. George (patron saint of England), the cross of St. Andrew (patron saint of Scotland) and the cross of St. Patrick (patron saint of Ireland).

vadimmatus    2   20.04.2020 15:50    1