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Coats of arms usually consist of the following elements: heraldic shield, heraldic helmet, the mantling (heads up covers, torn to shreds, usually with the upper side main color enamel emblem, and the lining is in the colors of main metal), crown, helm, supporters (people, allegorical figures, or "heraldic beasts", standing on its hind legs), mantle and motto.

The arms, close to the modern form, appeared in the Middle ages in Western Europe, in England and France. The first flag is a shield with six gold lions in the azure field, which, according to the contested today version, Geoffroy V of Anjou received in 1127 or 1128 from his father, the king of England Henry I, on the occasion of his marriage to his daughter Matilda, widow of Emperor Henry V.

The proliferation of arms associated with the flowering of military equipment, especially with the advent of the helmet covering the faces of the warriors. The coat of arms was depicted with bright colors on the shield. Along with the helmet played an important identification task.

The Alans and the Turkic peoples tribal marks existed in the form of tamgas, which were assigned to each aristocratic surnames (for example in Ossetian aristocracy).

Emblems can be systematized on accessory, ranks, images, legal status, styles.