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GREAT BRITAIN
1. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is situated on the British Isles. Their total area is over 244 000 square kilometers. Its population is over 57 million.
2. The United Kingdom is made up of four countries: England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. Their capitals are London, Cardiff, Edinburgh and Belfast respectively. The capital of the UK is London.
3. The British Isles are separated from the Continent by the North Sea and the English Channel. The western coast of Great Britain is washed by the Atlantic Ocean and the Irish Sea.
4. The mountains, the Atlantic Ocean and the warm waters of Gulf Stream influence the climate of the British Isles. It is mild the whole year round.
5. Great Britain is a highly developed industrial country. It is a great producer of coal and steel. Great Britain has shipbuilding, machine building, automobile industry, chemicals, textile and others.
6. The UK is a constitutional monarchy with the parliament and the Queen as Head of State.
THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

1. The Russian Federation is the largest country in the world. Its total area is over 17 million square km. The population of the country is about 140 million people.
2. Our land is washed by three oceans: the Arctic, the Atlantic and the Pacific. The country bor-ders on fourteen countries.
3. The highest mountains in our land are the Altai, the Urals and the Caucasus. The longest rivers are the Volga, the Ob, the Yenisei, the Lena and the Amur. Baikal is the deepest lake in the world.
4. The climate conditions are rather different: from arctic and moderate to continental and subtropical. Our country is one of the richest in natural resources countries in the world: oil, natural gas, coal, different ores, ferrous and non-ferrous metals and other minerals.
5. Moscow is the capital of our Homeland. The national symbols of the Russian Federation are a white-blue-red banner and a double-headed eagle.
6. The Russian Federation is a constitutional republic headed by the President. The country government con¬sists of three branches: legislative, executive and judi¬cial.

ECOLOGY
1. People have designed and produced up-to-date machines and technologies to make their life easier and more comfortable. But all these activities result in air and water pollution.
2. One of the most important problems is the oceans. A lot of ships put their wastes into water, and the water becomes dirty. As a result many birds and fish die because of polluted water.
3. The second problem is air pollution. Cars and plants pollute the atmosphere with their wastes. They destroy the ozone layer which protects us from the dangerous light of the sun. They also destroy forests which are dying from acid rains.
4. Now people begin to realize the danger of their activities. People are concerned about the air, the water and the future of the planet because they understand that these activities affect the balance of nature.

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