Ex. 6. Make the following sentences complete by translating the words and phrases in brackets into English:
1. The first buildings were simple (шалаши, палатки, кровы) meant to suit the basic needs of protection from the elements, built by their inhabitants
2. Cultures from pre-history to modern times constructed (куполообразное жилье) using local materials; leaves shingles, wood, stones, reed, thatch and bricks later.
3. Wigwams are formed with a frame of (выгнутые шесты), most of-
ten wooden, which are covered with some sort of roofing material.
4. To build a wigwam, long fresh poles of oak or willow are driven into
the ground or (закапывать) in holes made with a digging stick.
5. These poles, which form the framework, are arranged at (интервал в
один фут) and are bound together at the top with yucca-leaf strands.
6. The ancient builders (закалынать) the bones of deer and oxen at the
bottom of the ditch and had looked after them for some time.
7. (Мазанка) is a form of wall construction consisting of interwoven twigs plastered with a mixture of clay, lime, water, and sometimes dung and chopped straw,
8. Rafter is a type of beam, which (поддерживать) the roof of a building. In home construction rafters are typically made of (дерева); they are a feature of traditional roof styles.
9. Katsuogi are short, decorative logs found on Japanese architecture, which are placed at a right angle along the (конёк крыши), and are usually featured in religious or imperial (архитектура).
10. It's a good idea to (вырезать несколько лишних стропил); I've found that a couple of mine have bowed when I didn't put them exactly straight into the roof ring, and it's nice to be able to replace them easily.

1. The first buildings were simple (huts, tents, shelters) meant to suit the basic needs of protection from the elements, built by their inhabitants.

To complete sentence 1, we need to translate the words and phrases in brackets into English. The options provided are "шалаши, палатки, крови", which translate to "huts, tents, shelters" respectively. These were the simple structures that early civilizations built to fulfill their basic need for protection from the weather. They were constructed by the people who lived in them.

2. Cultures from pre-history to modern times constructed (domed dwellings) using local materials; leaves, shingles, wood, stones, reed, thatch, and bricks later.

In this sentence, the word or phrase in brackets is "куполообразное жилье" which translates to "domed dwellings" in English. These are structures with a rounded or domed shape. Throughout history, cultures have built them using locally available materials like leaves, shingles, wood, stones, reed, thatch, and bricks.

3. Wigwams are formed with a frame of (bent poles), most often wooden, which are covered with some sort of roofing material.

The phrase in brackets is "выгнутые шесты," which translates to "bent poles" in English. Wigwams are traditional Native American structures with a framework made of bent poles, usually wooden. These poles are then covered with a roofing material to complete the shelter.

4. To build a wigwam, long fresh poles of oak or willow are driven into the ground or (buried) in holes made with a digging stick.

Here, the word or phrase in brackets is "закапывать," which translates to "buried" in English. When building a wigwam, long fresh poles made of oak or willow are either driven into the ground or buried in holes created with a digging stick.

5. These poles, which form the framework, are arranged at (one-foot intervals) and are bound together at the top with yucca-leaf strands.

The phrase in brackets is "интервал в один фут," which translates to "one-foot intervals" in English. The poles used to form the framework of a wigwam are arranged at regular intervals of one foot. Then, they are bound together at the top using strands made from yucca leaves.

6. The ancient builders (buried) the bones of deer and oxen at the bottom of the ditch and had looked after them for some time.

Here, the word or phrase in brackets is "закапывать," which translates to "buried" in English. The ancient builders buried the bones of deer and oxen at the bottom of the ditch. They took care of these bones for some time.

7. A "mazanka" is a form of wall construction consisting of interwoven twigs plastered with a mixture of clay, lime, water, and sometimes dung and chopped straw.

"Mazanka" is a specific type of wall construction. It involves interweaving twigs and then plastering them with a mixture of clay, lime, water, and sometimes dung and chopped straw. This technique creates a durable and sturdy wall.

8. A rafter is a type of beam, which supports the roof of a building. In home construction, rafters are typically made of wood; they are a feature of traditional roof styles.

A rafter is a structural beam that provides support to the roof of a building. It is an essential element in home construction. Typically, rafters are made of wood and are commonly used in traditional roof styles.

9. Katsuogi are short, decorative logs found on Japanese architecture, which are placed at a right angle along the ridge of the roof and are usually featured in religious or imperial architecture.

Katsuogi are small decorative logs that can be found in Japanese architecture. They are placed at a right angle along the ridge of the roof and are often featured in religious or imperial architectural designs. These logs add aesthetic value to the overall appearance of the structure.

10. It's a good idea to (cut a few extra rafters); I've found that a couple of mine have bowed when I didn't put them exactly straight into the roof ring, and it's nice to be able to replace them easily.

Here, the phrase in brackets is "вырезать несколько лишних стропил," which translates to "cut a few extra rafters" in English. The sentence suggests that it is advisable to cut a few additional rafters when constructing a roof. This precaution is helpful in case any of the original rafters warp or are not perfectly straight when installed in the roof structure. It provides the flexibility to easily replace them if needed.