Ex.2. Make the actions in the following object clauses precede those of their principal clause.

1. I knew that he (go) to London already.

2. He asked me why I (not invite) him to that scientific conference.

3. He said he (not hear) anything about her complaint.

4. She said the secretary (send) the message already.

5. I knew that she (make) an appointment with general manager.

6. He said that he (work) hard all the time.

7. He told her that he (meet) her the year before.

8. I knew that he (to be) ill the day before.

9. She thought he (graduate) from the University.

10. Didn't you know that he (establish) a business of his own?

11. We knew that he (work) for this company before.​

1. I knew that he had gone to London already.
Explanation: The action of going to London happened before the speaker knew about it.
Steps to convert to direct speech:
- Change "knew" to past tense "had known"
- Add "had" before "gone" to indicate that the action of going to London happened before the speaker knew about it.

2. He asked me why I had not invited him to that scientific conference.
Explanation: The action of not inviting him to the conference happened before he asked about it.
Steps to convert to direct speech:
- Change "asked" to past tense "had asked"
- Add "had" before "not invited" to indicate that the action of not inviting him happened before he asked about it.

3. He said he had not heard anything about her complaint.
Explanation: The action of not hearing anything about her complaint happened before he said it.
Steps to convert to direct speech:
- Change "said" to past tense "had said"
- Add "had" before "not heard" to indicate that the action of not hearing anything happened before he said it.

4. She said the secretary had sent the message already.
Explanation: The action of sending the message happened before she said it.
Steps to convert to direct speech:
- Change "said" to past tense "had said"
- Add "had" before "sent" to indicate that the action of sending the message happened before she said it.

5. I knew that she had made an appointment with the general manager.
Explanation: The action of making the appointment happened before the speaker knew about it.
Steps to convert to direct speech:
- Change "knew" to past tense "had known"
- Add "had" before "made" to indicate that the action of making the appointment happened before the speaker knew about it.

6. He said that he had worked hard all the time.
Explanation: The action of working hard happened before he said it.
Steps to convert direct speech:
- Change "said" to past tense "had said"
- Add "had" before "worked" to indicate that the action of working hard happened before he said it.

7. He told her that he had met her the year before.
Explanation: The action of meeting her happened before he told her.
Steps to convert direct speech:
- Change "told" to past tense "had told"
- Add "had" before "met" to indicate that the action of meeting her happened before he told her.

8. I knew that he had been ill the day before.
Explanation: The action of being ill happened before the speaker knew about it.
Steps to convert direct speech:
- Change "knew" to past tense "had known"
- Add "had" before "been" to indicate that the action of being ill happened before the speaker knew about it.

9. She thought he had graduated from the University.
Explanation: The action of graduating from the University happened before she thought it.
Steps to convert direct speech:
- Change "thought" to past tense "had thought"
- Add "had" before "graduated" to indicate that the action of graduating from the University happened before she thought it.

10. Didn't you know that he had established a business of his own?
Explanation: The action of establishing a business happened before the speaker asked the question.
Steps to convert direct speech:
- Change "didn't you know" to past tense "hadn't you known"
- Add "had" before "established" to indicate that the action of establishing a business happened before the speaker asked the question.

11. We knew that he had worked for this company before.
Explanation: The action of working for this company happened before "we" knew about it.
Steps to convert direct speech:
- Change "knew" to past tense "had known"
- Add "had" before "worked" to indicate that the action of working for this company happened before "we" knew about it.