Efficient-inefficient reliable-unreliable people ran to (1 messages faster. when running with a message, to deliver it in spoken form, it is safer to do it oneself.sending anyone else is (2) as the game of chinese whispersdemonstrates. so, a system of writing was necessary. whenwriting appeared, messages on stone columns (3) very wellacross time, but they were an (4) method of communicationacross space. the system became more efficient when it was themessage that travelled. people ran with the written messages,rode horses to save time. for example, the network of persianroads in the 5th century bc made communication faster andmore (5) . new men and fresh horses were (6) at postingstations. a message could travel the full distance of the roadfrom susa to sardis (3200 km) in ten days. what helped tomake communication even more (7) was the aramaic language as a (8 used in ancient persia

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