Corporate finance 1. corporations need financing for the purchase of assets and the payment of expenses. the corporations can issue shares in exchange for money or property. sometimes it is called equity funding. the holders of the shares form the ownership of the company. each share is represented by a stock certificate, which is negotiable. it means that one can buy and sell it. the value of a share is determined by the net assets divided by the total number of shares outstanding. the value of the share also depends on the success of the company. the greater the success, the more value the shares have. 2. a corporation can also get capital by borrowing. it is called debt funding. if a corporation borrows money, they give notes or bonds. they are also negotiable. but the interest will be paid out whether business is profitable or not. 3. when running the corporation, management is to consider both the outflow and inflow of capital. the outflow is formed by the purchase of inventory and supplies, payment of salaries. the inflow is formed by the sale of goods and services. in the long run the inflow must be greater than the outflow. it will result in a profit. 4. in addition, a company must deduct its costs, expenses, losses on bad debts, interest on borrowed capital and other items. it helps to determine if the financial management has been profitable. the amount of risk involved is also an important factor. it determines the fund rising and it shows if a particular corporation is a good investment. i. в третьeм абзаце текста найдите предложения с пассивной конструкцией. определите видовременную форму глагола-сказуемого. переведите предложения на язык. ii. в четвертом абзаце текста найдите предложения, в которых глагол to be выполняет функцию глагола-связки. переведите предложения на язык. iii. во втором абзаце текста найдите предложение, в котором употребляются слова с окончанием -s. определите, какой частью речи являются слова и какую функцию выполняет это окончание. переведите предложение на язык. iv. найдите в тексте эквиваленты следующих словосочетаний: 1) оплата расходов; 2) сертификат акций; 3) держатели акций; 4) акционерный (долевой формирования денежного фонда; 5) образование денежного фонда с займа; 6) ценность (стоимость) акции; 7) фиксированный процент (доля). v. перепишите и письменно переведите 1, 2, 3 абзацы текста. vi. письменно ответьте на вопросы.

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