Complete the sentences with by or with. The car was bought …… our dad. This soup is made …… fresh vegetables. The text has been translated …… my classmates. Mushrooms are cut …… a knife. St Petersburg was founded …… Peter the Great. Write two passive sentences for each of the following sentences.
Robby has given the children the new toys.
Mum brought us some apples.

1. The car was bought by our dad.
In this sentence, "by" is used to indicate the agent or doer of the action, which is our dad. It shows that our dad is the one who bought the car.

2. This soup is made with fresh vegetables.
In this sentence, "with" is used to indicate the ingredient or material used to make the soup. It shows that fresh vegetables are used to make the soup.

3. The text has been translated by my classmates.
In this sentence, "by" is used to indicate the agent or doer of the action, which is my classmates. It shows that my classmates are the ones who translated the text.

4. Mushrooms are cut with a knife.
In this sentence, "with" is used to indicate the instrument used to perform the action, which is a knife. It shows that a knife is used to cut the mushrooms.

5. St Petersburg was founded by Peter the Great.
In this sentence, "by" is used to indicate the agent or doer of the action, which is Peter the Great. It shows that Peter the Great is the one who founded St Petersburg.

Passive sentences for "Robby has given the children the new toys":
1. The new toys have been given to the children by Robby.
In this passive sentence, we change the subject "Robby" to the object "the new toys" and move it to the beginning of the sentence. The original object "the children" becomes the subject "the children" and stays in the same place. The verb changes to "have been given" to show the action in the passive voice. We also add "by Robby" to indicate the agent or doer of the action.

2. The children have been given the new toys by Robby.
In this passive sentence, we change the subject "Robby" to the object "the new toys" and move it to the beginning of the sentence. The original subject "the children" becomes the subject "the children" and stays in the same place. The verb changes to "have been given" to show the action in the passive voice. We also add "by Robby" to indicate the agent or doer of the action.

Passive sentences for "Mum brought us some apples":
1. Some apples were brought to us by Mum.
In this passive sentence, we change the subject "Mum" to the object "some apples" and move it to the beginning of the sentence. The original object "us" becomes the subject "us" and stays in the same place. The verb changes to "were brought" to show the action in the passive voice. We also add "by Mum" to indicate the agent or doer of the action.

2. We were brought some apples by Mum.
In this passive sentence, we change the subject "Mum" to the object "some apples" and move it to the beginning of the sentence. The original subject "us" becomes the subject "we" and stays in the same place. The verb changes to "were brought" to show the action in the passive voice. We also add "by Mum" to indicate the agent or doer of the action.