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1. Переведитеписьменно 1 абзац:
Building materials of Ancient Egypt
Many of the pyramids were built with a number of different stone materials. Most of the material used was fairly rough, low grade limestone used to build the pyramid core, while fine white limestone was often employed for the outer casing as well as to cover interior walls, though pink granite was also often used on inner walls. Basalt or alabaster was not uncommon for floors, particularly in the mortuary temples and as was mudbricks to build walls within the temples (though often as not they had limestone walls).
Egypt is a country rich in stone and was sometimes even referred to as the "state of stone". In particular, Egypt has a great quantity of limestone formation, which the Egyptians called "white stone", because during the Cretaceous period Egypt was covered with seawater. The country is also rich in sandstone, but it was never really used much until the New Kingdom.
Limestone seems to have first been employed in the area of Saqqara, where it is of poor quality but layered in regular, strong formations as much as half a meter thick. The layers are separated from each other by thin layers of clay and the coloration may vary according to layer. It could often be quarried very near the building sites, and quarries have been found at Saqqara, Giza, Dahshur and other locations.
In order to quarry this stone, the blocks were marked out with just enough space in between each to allow for a small passageway for the workers to cut the blocks. The workmen would use a number of different tools to cut the blocks, including copper pickaxes and chisels, granite hammers, dolerite and other hard stone tools. Pink granite, basalt and alabaster were used much more sparingly. Most of this material was moved from various locations in southern Egypt by barges on the Nile.
Mud bricks, of course were made throughout Egypt and were a common building material everywhere, in common homes and palaces and probably many city buildings. The better mud bricks were fired, or "burnt" in an oven, though it was not uncommon for mud bricks not to be fired, and so not as durable.
А) Подберите окончание предложения, соответствующее содержанию текста:
1. The passage suggests that:
(A) Basalt and alabaster were not common materials used in Egypt.
(B) Many of the pyramids were built with a number of different stone materials.
2. The passage suggests that:
(A) Egypt is a country rich in stone.
(B) Sandstone was never really used in Egypt until the New Kingdom.
3. The passage suggests that:
(A) Limestone was first employed in the area of Saqqara.
(B) Quarries have been found at Saqqara and Giza.
4. The passage suggests that:
(A) Mud bricks were fired, or "burnt" in an oven.
(B) Mud bricks were a common building material in Egypt.
Б) Подберите синоним к подчеркнутому слову, раскрывающий его значение:
1. Limestone was used to build the pyramid core.
(A) heart
(B) centre
(C) basement
(D) essence
2.Limestone was often employed for the outer casing.
(A) made
(B) used
(C) hired
(D) chosen
3.Limestone was often employed for the outer casing as well as to cover interior walls.
(A) inside
(B) introspective
(C) internal
(D) inner
4.Limestone employed in the area of Saqqara was of poor quality.
(A) bad
(B) needy
(C) not good
(D) mere
5. The workmen would use a number of different tools to cut the blocks.
(A) proletarians
(B) slaves
(C) laborers
(D) wageworkers

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