A negative form 19 A professor was lecturing his class one day. He wanted to focus on negation one time. MUCH
20 “The example is English”, he said, “In English a double negative forms a positive. In some languages, though, such as Russian, a double negative is still a negative. ONE
21 However, there a language wherein a double positive can form a negative.”
A loud voice from the back piped up, 'Yeah, right. ' NOT BE
A boot on the wrong foot
22 Willy asked his teacher to help him get his shoes on at the end of a busy day. After quite a struggle, Tessa finally got them on. “They're on the wrong , Miss,” mumbled Willy. Staying calm she swapped them over for him. FOOT
23 “They're not my shoes, Miss,” Willy murmurs again. Tessa hard to keep her cool and asked Willy why he hadn't told her before. FIGHT
24 She then kneeled down again and helped him pull the shoes off. “These aren't my shoes, they're my brother's and Mum told not to tell anyone.” I
25 Tessa helped him back into his shoes, got him into his coat, wrapped his scarf round his neck. When he , she asked, “Where are your gloves, Willy?” “Oh, Miss, I always put them in my shoes!” DRESS
26 The first form of cryptography was actually the simple writing of a message. Do you know why? Because most people were to read or write. ABLE
27 In fact, the very word cryptography comes from the Greek words 'kryptos', which mean 'hidden', and 'graphein', which means 'writing'. Cryptography, by its very nature, implies secrecy and . DIRECTNESS
28 Early cryptography included transforming messages into unreadable figures to protect the content of a message while it was carried from one to another. ADDRESS
29 Nowadays, cryptography has evolved and today it includes such things as digital signatures, authentification of a sender or receiver and many more. GREAT
30 People wanted to conceal messages since they moved out of caves and started living in groups. The earliest forms of cryptography were found in the cradle of , Egypt, Greece and Rome. CIVILIZE
31 The Greeks, for example, wrapped a tape around a stick, and then wrote the message on the wound tape. Unwinding the tape made the writing . The receiver of the message had a stick of the same diameter and used it to decipher the message. MEANING

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