5 Write sentences using the past perfect affirmative (v) and negative (X). By the age of 30, Captain James Cook had visited many exotic places, but he (be) to Australia. X By the age of 30, Captain James Cook had visited many exotic places, but he hadn't been to Australia. 1 The Portuguese explorer Vasco da Gama (see) penguins before he travelled to South Africa in 1497. X 2 After he (make) a pilgrimage to the city of Mecca in 1325, Ibn Battuta decided to become an explorer. ✓ 3 Many explorers (try) to climb Mount Everest before Tenzing Norgay and Edmund Hillary reached the peak in 1953. 4 People in Europe (not eat) potatoes until Christopher Columbus brought some from America. X 5 More than 400 years after Magellan (sail) around the world, the US submarine Triton made a similar journey underwater. ✓